Technoeconomic analysis of corn stover conversion by decentralized pyrolysis and electrocatalysis
Technoeconomic analysis of corn stover conversion by decentralized pyrolysis and electrocatalysis
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DOI：
10.1039/d1se01881g
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发表时间：
2022-05-06
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Saffron, Christopher M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Das, Sabyasachi;Anderson, James E.;Saffron, Christopher M.
最大限度地减少化石燃料和限制大气中的二氧化碳含量需要在生物能源系统中高效地掺入碳。生物质碳的可获得性是全球的一个制约因素，需要采取战略提高生物能源生产和生物源碳使用的效率。先前的研究表明，通过电催化氢化与可再生电力耦合的生物质的“能源升级”为美国提供了一条接近完全石油燃料替代的潜在途径，即使美国每年的生物质产量被限制在12亿干吨。这种技术的商业化需要经济上的可行性。一个技术经济模型的分散，基于仓库的热解与电催化加氢和集中升级（Py-ECH），生产液态烃燃料，并比较纤维素乙醇途径使用一致的假设。使用贴现现金流方法，考虑到n（th）工厂经济性和10%的固定内部收益率，估计玉米秸秆衍生的Py-ECH燃料的最低燃料销售价格（MFSP）为每加仑汽油当量（GGE）3.62美元或每升汽油当量（GLE）0.96美元。这与使用相同原料发酵的纤维素乙醇的MFSP相当（每GGE 3.71美元或每GLE 0.98美元），并且在过去20年的汽油价格范围内，每GGE 1美元（每GLE 0.26美元）至2018年的每GGE 4.44美元（每GLE 1.17美元）。对仓库规模的优化研究确定了运输和规模经济成本之间的权衡，最佳规模为500 tpd。敏感性分析表明，电力成本，原材料成本，生物油产量和电池效率是影响Py-ECH MFSP的关键参数。随着系统的改进，使用Py-ECH从玉米秸秆中获得的液态烃燃料的价格将低于每GGE 3美元或每GLE 0.79美元。
Maximizing fossil fuel displacement and limiting atmospheric carbon dioxide levels require a high efficiency of carbon incorporation in bioenergy systems. The availability of biomass carbon is a constraint globally, and strategies to increase the efficiency of bioenergy production and biogenic carbon use are needed. Previous studies have shown that "energy upgrading" of biomass by coupling with renewable electricity through electrocatalytic hydrogenation offers a potential pathway to near full petroleum fuel displacement in the U.S., even when annual U.S. biomass production is limited to 1.2 billion dry tonnes. Commercialization of such technology requires economic feasibility. A technoeconomic model of decentralized, depot-based pyrolysis with electrocatalytic hydrogenation and centralized upgrading (Py-ECH), producing liquid hydrocarbon fuel is presented and compared to a cellulosic ethanol pathway using consistent assumptions. Using a discounted cash flow approach, a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $3.62 per gallon gasoline equivalent (GGE) or $0.96 per gasoline liter equivalent (GLE) is estimated for Py-ECH fuel derived from corn stover, considering n(th) plant economics and a fixed internal rate of return of 10%. This is comparable to the MFSP for cellulosic ethanol from fermentation with the same feedstock ($3.71 per GGE or $0.98 per GLE) and is in the range of gasoline prices over the last 20 years of $1 per GGE ($0.26 per GLE) to $4.44 per GGE ($1.17 per GLE) in 2018. Optimization studies on depot sizing identified a trade-off between transportation and economies-of-scale costs, with an optimum size of 500 tpd. Sensitivity analyses showed that electricity cost, raw material costs, bio-oil yields, and cell efficiencies are the key parameters that affect the Py-ECH MFSP. With system improvements, a pathway to less than $3 per GGE or $0.79 per GLE is articulated for liquid hydrocarbon fuel from corn stover using Py-ECH.