Very long-chain n-3 fatty acids and human health: fact, fiction and the future
Very long-chain n-3 fatty acids and human health: fact, fiction and the future
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665117003950
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Calder, P. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Calder, P. C.
EPA和DHA似乎是最重要的n-3脂肪酸，但n-3二十二碳五烯酸的作用现在也在逐渐显现。EPA和DHA的摄入量通常很低，通常低于推荐值。增加摄入量会导致血脂、细胞和组织中EPA和DHA浓度升高。EPA和DHA含量的增加改变了细胞膜的结构和膜蛋白的功能。EPA和DHA调节脂质介质的产生，并通过对细胞信号传导的影响改变基因表达的模式。通过这些机制，EPA和DHA以某种方式改变细胞和组织的反应性，通常导致更理想的生长、发育和维持健康的条件。DHA对大脑和眼睛的发育和功能有重要作用。EPA和DHA具有广泛的生理作用，与某些健康或临床益处有关，特别是与心血管疾病、癌症、炎症和神经认知功能有关。EPA和DHA的益处在整个生命过程中都是显而易见的。未来的研究将包括更好地确定对EPA和DHA摄入量增加的反应变化的决定因素；对EPA和DHA的作用进行更深入的剂量反应研究；更清晰地识别了EPA、二十二碳五烯酸和DHA的具体作用；提高n-3脂肪酸向血液输送的测试策略；探索鱼类衍生的超长链n-3脂肪酸的可持续替代品。
EPA and DHA appear to be the most important n-3 fatty acids, but roles for n-3 docosapentaenoic acid are now also emerging. Intakes of EPA and DHA are usually low, typically below those recommended. Increased intakes result in higher concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood lipids, cells and tissues. Increased content of EPA and DHA modifies the structure of cell membranes and the function of membrane proteins. EPA and DHA modulate the production of lipid mediators and through effects on cell signalling can alter the patterns of gene expression. Through these mechanisms, EPA and DHA alter cell and tissue responsiveness in a way that often results in more optimal conditions for growth, development and maintenance of health. DHA has vital roles in brain and eye development and function. EPA and DHA have a wide range of physiological roles, which are linked to certain health or clinical benefits, particularly related to CVD, cancer, inflammation and neurocognitive function. The benefits of EPA and DHA are evident throughout the life course. Future research will include better identification of the determinants of variation of responses to increased intake of EPA and DHA; more in-depth dose-response studies of the effects of EPA and DHA; clearer identification of the specific roles of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid and DHA; testing strategies to enhance delivery of n-3 fatty acids to the bloodstream; and exploration of sustainable alternatives to fish-derived very long-chain n-3 fatty acids.