Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
复制标题
DOI：
10.3791/54011
复制
发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Harris, Ryan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rodriguez-Miguelez, Paula;Seigler, Nichole;Harris, Ryan A.
心血管疾病是全世界死亡的主要原因和残疾的主要原因。血管内皮功能障碍是一种病理状态，其特征主要在于血管舒张和血管收缩物质之间的平衡被破坏，并且被认为在动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的发展中起重要作用。因此，在人类的内皮功能的精确评估是一个重要的工具，可以帮助更好地了解多种心脏为中心的pathology.In过去的二十五年，许多方法学的方法已经发展到提供一个评估内皮功能在人类。FMD测试于1989年推出，包括前臂闭塞和随后的反应性充血，促进一氧化氮的产生和肱动脉的血管舒张。FMD测试是目前最广泛使用的，非侵入性的，超声评估内皮功能在人类，并已与未来的心血管事件。虽然FMD测试可能有临床效用，它是一个生理评估，继承了几个需要考虑的混淆因素。本文描述了一个标准化的协议，确定口蹄疫，包括推荐的方法，以帮助尽量减少生理和技术问题，提高评估的精度和重现性。
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality and a major cause of disability worldwide. The dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is a pathological condition characterized mainly by a disruption in the balance between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances and is proposed to play an important role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a precise evaluation of endothelial function in humans represents an important tool that could help better understand the etiology of multiple cardio-centric pathologies.Over the past twenty-five years, many methodological approaches have been developed to provide an assessment of endothelial function in humans. Introduced in 1989, the FMD test incorporates a forearm occlusion and subsequent reactive hyperemia that promotes nitric oxide production and vasodilation of the brachial artery. The FMD test is now the most widely utilized, non-invasive, ultrasonic assessment of endothelial function in humans and has been associated with future cardiovascular events.Although the FMD test could have clinical utility, it is a physiological assessment that has inherited several confounding factors that need to be considered. This article describes a standardized protocol for determining FMD including the recommended methodology to help minimize the physiological and technical issues and improve the precision and reproducibility of the assessment.