The origin and evolution of parthenogenesis in Heteronotia binoei (Gekkonidae): evidence for recent and localized origins of widespread clones.
The origin and evolution of parthenogenesis in Heteronotia binoei (Gekkonidae): evidence for recent and localized origins of widespread clones.
复制标题
Heteronotia binoei（壁虎科）孤雌生殖的起源和进化：广泛克隆的近期和局部起源的证据。
作者：
C. Moritz
孤雌生殖形式的壁虎蜥蜴物种Heteronotia binoei具有异常广泛的地理范围和高度的遗传多样性。限制性内切酶分析表明，孤雌生殖体的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）有两种基本类型。其中一种仅限于西方人群。另一种类型，在这里详细分析，是广泛的，被发现在人口从中部到西部澳大利亚。这种广泛分布的类型的多样性很低。从澳大利亚中部到西部的孤雌生殖体之间的变化类似于当地种群内的有性物种，提供线粒体DNA，是一个数量级小于在同一地理距离的有性种群之间的分化。系统发育分析表明，广泛分布于孤雌生殖器中的mtDNA类型与来自西方群体的“CA6”性亲本的mtDNA关系最为密切。这些数据表明，这些孤雌生殖克隆最近出现在一个小的地理区域，最有可能在西澳大利亚州。孤雌生殖菌一定是迅速蔓延，占据了澳大利亚中部和西部的大部分沙漠。这种快速和广泛的范围扩张提供了强有力的证据，单性生殖可以是一个成功的战略蜥蜴在环境中与低和不可预测的降雨量。
The parthenogenetic form of the gecko lizard species Heteronotia binoei has an unusually broad geographic range and high genetic diversity. Restriction enzyme analysis revealed two basic types of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) among the parthenogens. One type is restricted to western populations. The other type, analyzed in detail here, was widespread, being found in populations from central to western Australia. The diversity within this widespread type was low. The variation among parthenogens from central to western Australia was similar to that found within local populations of the sexual species that provided the mtDNA, and was an order of magnitude less than the differentiation shown between sexual populations across the same geographic distance. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the widespread type of mtDNA in the parthenogens is most closely related to mtDNAs from western populations of the "CA6" sexual parent. These data suggest that these parthenogenetic clones arose recently within a small geographic area, most probably in Western Australia. The parthenogens must have spread rapidly to occupy much of the central and western Australian deserts. This rapid and extensive range expansion provides strong evidence that parthenogenesis can be a successful strategy for lizards in an environment with low and unpredictable rainfall.