The Effects of Forest Fuel-Reduction Treatments in the United States
The Effects of Forest Fuel-Reduction Treatments in the United States
复制标题
美国森林燃料减少处理的效果
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Schwilk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Stephens;J. Mciver;R. Boerner;C. Fettig;J. B. Fontaine;B. Hartsough;P. Kennedy;D. Schwilk
美国西部和南部的许多季节性干旱森林，特别是那些曾经经历过低到中等强度火灾的森林，目前的状况使它们异乎寻常地容易受到高度严重野火的影响。规定的火和它的机械替代物一般都能成功地满足短期的燃料减少目标，这样处理过的林分对高强度野火更有弹性。大多数现有证据表明，实现这些目标通常不会产生意想不到的后果，因为大多数生态系统组成部分（植被、土壤、野生动物、树皮甲虫、碳封存）表现出非常微妙的影响或根本没有可测量的影响。尽管机械处理不能完全替代火灾，但在某些领域，机械处理可以帮助减轻成本和责任。对火灾危险的预期处理效果是短暂的，这表明在减少燃料管理开始后，管理人员需要坚持反复处理，特别是在美国南部生长较快的森林中。
The current conditions of many seasonally dry forests in the western and southern United States, especially those that once experienced low- to moderate-intensity fire regimes, leave them uncharacteristically susceptible to high-severity wildfire. Both prescribed fire and its mechanical surrogates are generally successful in meeting short-term fuel-reduction objectives such that treated stands are more resilient to high-intensity wildfire. Most available evidence suggests that these objectives are typically accomplished with few unintended consequences, since most ecosystem components (vegetation, soils, wildlife, bark beetles, carbon sequestration) exhibit very subtle effects or no measurable effects at all. Although mechanical treatments do not serve as complete surrogates for fire, their application can help mitigate costs and liability in some areas. Desired treatment effects on fire hazards are transient, which indicates that after fuel-reduction management starts, managers need to be persistent with repeated treatment, especially in the faster-growing forests in the southern United States.