EFFECTS OF AMOUNT OF REWARD ON STRENGTH OF APPROACH IN AN APPROACH-AVOIDANCE CONFLICT
EFFECTS OF AMOUNT OF REWARD ON STRENGTH OF APPROACH IN AN APPROACH-AVOIDANCE CONFLICT
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DOI：
10.1037/h0038938
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发表时间：
1960-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
MILLER, NE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BOWER, GH;MILLER, NE
研究了在趋避冲突中，奖赏量对趋避强度的影响。老鼠被训练沿着一条笔直的小巷跑去寻找食物奖励;一些学生得到了大量的奖励，另一些则得到了少量的奖励。训练后，在目标处引入短暂的轻度电击，并在随后的试验中增加强度。对于一半的学生来说，电击强度每第二次试验增加25伏;对于另一半的学生来说，电击强度每第十次试验增加50伏。收购结果复制了共同的发现，即渐近速度更快，奖励更大。在随后的一系列惩罚中，小奖励组的速度下降得很快，而大奖励组的速度下降得更慢。最终的结果是在训练结束时获得的组间差异的放大。正如这个结果所表明的那样，需要更强的电击才能阻止奖励更大的学生实现目标。在给定的冲击水平下，相对快速或缓慢地增加冲击的变量对速度没有可靠的影响。研究结果支持了米勒的趋避冲突理论。他们还增加了兴奋性电位的概念的一般性的方法响应中，假设影响兴奋性电位的变量有相应的影响速度和选择措施和新的措施，抵抗冲突，在这项研究中使用。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
The effect of amount of reward on strength of approach in an approach-avoidance conflict was studied. Rats were trained to run down a straight alley to food reward; some Ss received a large amount of reward, others received a small amount. After training, a brief, mild shock was introduced at the goal and increased in intensity over subsequent trials. For half the Ss the shock intensity was increased 25 v. every second trial; for the other Ss, the shock was increased 50 v. every tenth trial. The acquisition results replicate the common finding that asymptotic speed is faster with larger reward. During the subsequent punishment series, speeds declined rapidly in the small-reward group and more slowly in the large-reward group. The net result was a magnification of the group differences obtained at the end of training. As this result suggests, a stronger shock was required to deter the larger-reward Ss from the goal. The variable of increasing the shock relatively rapidly or slowly produced no reliable effects on speed at a given shock level. The results support Miller's theory of approach-avoidance conflict. They also increase the generality of the concept of excitatory potential for the approach response in that variables assumed to affect excitatory potential have corresponding effects on speed and choice measures and the new measure, resistance to conflict, used in this study.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)