Mapping Urban Resilience for Spatial Planning—A First Attempt to Measure the Vulnerability of the System
Mapping Urban Resilience for Spatial Planning—A First Attempt to Measure the Vulnerability of the System
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DOI：
10.3390/su11082331
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Grazia Brunetta;S. Salata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grazia Brunetta;S. Salata
“复原力”的概念通过提供一个“概念保护伞”打破了筒仓，在这个保护伞下，不同的学科走到一起，用更全面的干预措施来解决复杂的问题。承认Davoudi方法（2012）的复杂性意味着承认“空间弹性”受到许多难以测量的现象的影响：共同进化系统的适应和转变。本文介绍了一种开创性的方法，该方法促进了城市弹性的空间测量，假设可以将一个系统定义为本质上易受压力和冲击的影响，并且具有最低弹性，正如Folke在2006年所描述的那样。从这个意义上说，脆弱性是与复原力相抗衡的，即使它们同时起作用：前者包括暴露于特定的危险，而后者则来自复杂的社会生态和技术系统的特征。本文提出了一个基于地理信息系统的脆弱性矩阵，该矩阵在ESRI ArcGIS 10.6环境中执行，作为城市系统的敏感性、冲击和线性压力之间空间相互作用的输出。脆弱性是用半定量方法衡量系统弹性的第一步。这些措施的空间相互作用有助于确定通过规划治理来设计和构建适应建筑环境的必要干预措施。研究结果表明，弹性制图有助于空间规划决策过程，并指出在何处以及需要采取何种干预措施来适应和改造系统。
The concept of ‘resilience’ breaks down silos by providing a ‘conceptual umbrella’ under which different disciplines come together to tackle complex problems with more holistic interventions. Acknowledging the complexity of Davoudi’s approach (2012) means to recognize that ‘spatial resilience’ is influenced by many phenomena that are difficult to measure: the adaptation and transformation of a co-evolutive system. This paper introduces a pioneering approach that is propaedeutic to the spatial measure of urban resilience assuming that it is possible to define a system as being intrinsically vulnerable to stress and shocks and minimally resilient, as described by Folke in 2006. In this sense, vulnerability is counterpoised to resilience, even if they act simultaneously: the first includes the exposure to a specific hazard, whereas the second emerges from the characteristics of a complex socio-ecological and technical system. Here we present a Geographic Information System-based vulnerability matrix performed in ESRI ArcGIS 10.6 environment as an output of the spatial interaction between sensitivities, shocks, and linear pressures of the urban system. The vulnerability is the first step of measuring the resilience of the system by a semi-quantitative approach. The spatial interaction of these measures is useful to define the interventions essential to designing and building the adaptation of the built environment by planning governance. Results demonstrate how mapping resilience aids the spatial planning decision-making processes, indicating where and what interventions are necessary to adapt and transform the system.