The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance.
The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms222312792
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发表时间：
2021-11-26
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Liu S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gill RA;Ahmar S;Ali B;Saleem MH;Khan MU;Zhou W;Liu S
膜转运蛋白(MTS)嵌入在膜结合的细胞器中，是提高水分和营养物质运输效率的主要目标。它们的功能是通过控制从根到植物上部的细胞通道中的离子运动，木质部负载，以及通过韧皮部负载从叶片(源)的光合作用组织到根、茎和种子(库)的糖分子的再动员，来维持细胞的动态平衡。植物的整个源-库关系是由多种运输蛋白以高度复杂的方式调节的，并基于植物生长发育(PG&D)和环境变化的不同阶段而驱动。在提高株高、分枝数、增加单株穗数、穗长、穗实粒数、种子产量和籽粒品质等方面，MTS在PG&D中起着关键作用。动态气候变化扰乱了植物的离子平衡(盐分、干旱和重金属)和糖分供应(冷热胁迫)。由于选择性差，一些MTS还会吸收根部的有毒元素，对PG&D产生负面影响，后来还会输出到上部，使稻米品质恶化。作为一种适应策略，植物对盐和重金属的反应是激活质膜和液泡膜定位的MT，这些MT将有毒元素输出到液泡中，并在根尖和地上部转运。然而，在干旱、寒冷和高温胁迫的情况下，MTS增加了对所有器官的水和糖供应。本文主要综述了拟南芥、盐生植物以及水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜等主要大田作物的最新研究进展，以期阐明MTS在PG&D和非生物胁迫耐受性中的全球作用。我们还讨论了基因表达水平的变化和一个物种内以及一个家庭内的基因组变异对发育和环境线索的响应。
The proteins of membrane transporters (MTs) are embedded within membrane-bounded organelles and are the prime targets for improvements in the efficiency of water and nutrient transportation. Their function is to maintain cellular homeostasis by controlling ionic movements across cellular channels from roots to upper plant parts, xylem loading and remobilization of sugar molecules from photosynthesis tissues in the leaf (source) to roots, stem and seeds (sink) via phloem loading. The plant’s entire source-to-sink relationship is regulated by multiple transporting proteins in a highly sophisticated manner and driven based on different stages of plant growth and development (PG&D) and environmental changes. The MTs play a pivotal role in PG&D in terms of increased plant height, branches/tiller numbers, enhanced numbers, length and filled panicles per plant, seed yield and grain quality. Dynamic climatic changes disturbed ionic balance (salt, drought and heavy metals) and sugar supply (cold and heat stress) in plants. Due to poor selectivity, some of the MTs also uptake toxic elements in roots negatively impact PG&D and are later on also exported to upper parts where they deteriorate grain quality. As an adaptive strategy, in response to salt and heavy metals, plants activate plasma membranes and vacuolar membrane-localized MTs that export toxic elements into vacuole and also translocate in the root’s tips and shoot. However, in case of drought, cold and heat stresses, MTs increased water and sugar supplies to all organs. In this review, we mainly review recent literature from Arabidopsis, halophytes and major field crops such as rice, wheat, maize and oilseed rape in order to argue the global role of MTs in PG&D, and abiotic stress tolerance. We also discussed gene expression level changes and genomic variations within a species as well as within a family in response to developmental and environmental cues.