The Potential Role for Emergence in Autism
The Potential Role for Emergence in Autism
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DOI：
10.1002/aur.2
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Anderson, George M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, George M.
虽然大多数关于自闭症行为的研究都将自闭症分类考虑，但自闭症日益明显的遗传和表型复杂性促使人们对这一领域采取更多维的方法。从文献回顾中可以清楚地看出，长期以来人们对一种不那么明确的方法感兴趣。越来越多的经验支持自闭症相关的现象，可分离和细分的概述，包括数据表明，许多行为发生在孤立的家庭成员和一般人群中，在个人内部并不高度相关，似乎是单独遗传。然而，需要强调的是，在被诊断患有自闭症的个人中观察到的一些最常见和最典型的现象并没有在他们的家庭中发生。有人建议，这些新的，“涌现”的现象可能会出现在个人从相互作用的配置共同发生的性状或从遗传和生物因素的相互作用的特点。许多自闭症相关的现象，包括智力残疾，癫痫发作，原始反射的持续性，刻板印象，自我伤害行为，学者能力和形态异常等，被认为是潜在的新兴。它的结论是，考虑出现在自闭症行为和相关现象的作用，应补充还原论的方法，并可能有助于照亮自闭症的组成部分和复杂性。
Although most research on autistic behavior has considered autism categorically, the increasingly apparent genetic and phenotypic complexities of autism are prompting a more dimensional approach to this area. The long-standing interest in a less categorical approach is made clear from a review of literature. The accumulating empirical support for viewing autism-related phenomena as separable and fractionable is outlined and includes data indicating that many of the behaviors occur in isolation in family members and the general population, are not highly correlated within individuals, and appear to be inherited separately. However, it is emphasized that some of the most common and characteristic phenomena observed in individuals diagnosed with autism do not run in their families. It is suggested that these novel, "emergent," phenomena may arise in the individual from interacting configurations of co-occurring traits or from the interaction of genetic and biological factors underlying the traits. A number of autism-related phenomena including intellectual disability, seizures, persistence of primitive reflexes, stereotypies, self-injurious behavior, savant abilities, and morphological abnormalities, among others, are discussed as potentially being emergent. It is concluded that consideration of the role of emergence in autistic behavior and related phenomena should complement a reductionist approach and might help illuminate the components and complexities of autism.