Control adjustments in speaking: Electrophysiology of the Gratton effect in picture naming
Control adjustments in speaking: Electrophysiology of the Gratton effect in picture naming
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说话中的控制调整：图片命名中格拉顿效应的电生理学
DOI：
10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.017
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
J. Schoffelen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Shitova;Ardi Roelofs;H. Schriefers;M. Bastiaansen;J. Schoffelen
越来越多的证据表明，口语的产生需要根据当时的情况采取不同程度的自上而下的控制。例如，在类似Stroop的任务中，一致试验后的反应时间干扰(RT)通常大于不一致试验后的干扰。这种效应被称为Gratton效应，它反映了基于先前试验类型的自上而下的控制调整。这种控制调节在Stroop和Eriksen侧翼任务(大多数使用人工反应)中得到了广泛的研究，但在图画-单词干扰(PWI)任务中却没有得到广泛的研究，而PWI任务是语言产生研究的主力。在少数几个关于PWI中Gratton效应的研究中，Van Maanen和Van Rijn(2010)考察了双重任务执行中图片命名RTS的影响。基于PWI效应在双重任务条件下的差异，他们认为PWI效应的功能轨迹在后一致试验(即知觉和概念编码的轨迹)和后不一致试验(即词汇规划的轨迹)之间存在差异。然而，双重任务程序可能污染了结果。因此，我们对常规PWI任务中的Gratton效应进行了脑电(EEG)研究。我们观察到在RTS中的PWI效应，在事件相关脑电位的N400成分中，以及在额叶中段的theta功率中，与先前的试验类型无关。此外，RTS、N400和theta功率反映了Gratton效应。这些结果证明，PWI效应出现在一致和不一致试验之后的词汇计划阶段，而自上而下的控制量则取决于先前的试验类型。
Accumulating evidence suggests that spoken word production requires different amounts of top-down control depending on the prevailing circumstances. For example, during Stroop-like tasks, the interference in response time (RT) is typically larger following congruent trials than following incongruent trials. This effect is called the Gratton effect, and has been taken to reflect top-down control adjustments based on the previous trial type. Such control adjustments have been studied extensively in Stroop and Eriksen flanker tasks (mostly using manual responses), but not in the picture–word interference (PWI) task, which is a workhorse of language production research. In one of the few studies of the Gratton effect in PWI, Van Maanen and Van Rijn (2010) examined the effect in picture naming RTs during dual-task performance. Based on PWI effect differences between dual-task conditions, they argued that the functional locus of the PWI effect differs between post-congruent trials (i.e., locus in perceptual and conceptual encoding) and post-incongruent trials (i.e., locus in word planning). However, the dual-task procedure may have contaminated the results. We therefore performed an electroencephalography (EEG) study on the Gratton effect in a regular PWI task. We observed a PWI effect in the RTs, in the N400 component of the event-related brain potentials, and in the midfrontal theta power, regardless of the previous trial type. Moreover, the RTs, N400, and theta power reflected the Gratton effect. These results provide evidence that the PWI effect arises at the word planning stage following both congruent and incongruent trials, while the amount of top-down control changes depending on the previous trial type.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
M. Botvinick;T. Braver;D. Barch;C. Carter;J. Cohen
通讯作者：
M. Botvinick;T. Braver;D. Barch;C. Carter;J. Cohen