Viral production, decay rates, and life strategies along a trophic gradient in the north Adriatic sea
Viral production, decay rates, and life strategies along a trophic gradient in the north Adriatic sea
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.71.11.6644-6650.2005
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Danovaro, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bongiorni, L;Magagnini, M;Danovaro, R
虽然营养条件和病毒动力学之间的关系已被广泛探讨，在不同的远洋环境中，很少有人尝试独立估计病毒的生产和衰变。在这项研究中，我们调查的因素控制病毒生产和衰减之间的平衡沿着在亚得里亚海盆地北部的营养梯度，提供独立的估计这些变量，并确定纳米鞭毛虫放牧和病毒的生命策略的相对重要性。增加营养条件引起的浮游细菌的生长速率和爆发的大小增加。结果，富营养化沃茨显示出最高的病毒产生率，大大超过了观察到的病毒衰减率（高达2.9 × 10（9）VLP升（-1）小时（-1））。在富营养化的沃茨中，病毒的衰减也更高。在贫营养沃茨中，病毒产量显著下降至1.3%至10.7%。这些结果表明，病毒的产生和衰减率可能不一定在短期内平衡，导致系统中病毒的净增加。在富营养化的沃茨中，纳米鞭毛虫的摄食、溶解胶体物质和溶源性感染共同作用于钙的去除。66%的病毒产量，而在贫营养沃茨中只有17%。我们的研究结果表明，不同的病原体是主要负责在不同的营养条件下从水柱中去除病毒。除了过去考虑的因素之外，其他因素可能会揭示负责从水柱中去除和/或衰减病毒颗粒的过程。
Although the relationships between trophic conditions and viral dynamics have been widely explored in different pelagic environments, there have been few attempts at independent estimates of both viral production and decay. In this study, we investigated factors controlling the balance between viral production and decay along a trophic gradient in the north Adriatic basin, providing independent estimates of these variables and determining the relative importance of nanoflagellate grazing and viral life strategies. Increasing trophic conditions induced an increase of bacterioplankton growth rates and of the burst sizes. As a result, eutrophic waters displayed highest rates of viral production, which considerably exceeded observed rates of viral decay (up to 2.9 X 10(9) VLP liter(-1) h(-1)). Viral decay was also higher in eutrophic waters, where it accounted for ca. 40% of viral production, and dropped significantly to 1.3 to 10.7% in oligotrophic waters. These results suggest that viral production and decay rates may not necessarily be balanced in the short term, resulting in a net increase of viruses in the system. In eutrophic waters nanoflagellate grazing, dissolved-colloidal substances, and lysogenic infection were responsible together for the removal of ca. 66% of viral production versus 17% in oligotrophic waters. Our results suggest that different causative agents are primarily responsible for the removal of viruses from the water column in different trophic conditions. Factors other than those considered in the past might shed light on processes responsible for the removal and/or decay of viral particles from the water column.