Go and stop signals for glial regeneration.

Go and stop signals for glial regeneration.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.conb.2017.10.011
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发表时间:
2017-12
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Logan A
Logan A
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hidalgo A;Logan A

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神经胶质细胞对中枢神经系统损伤的再生反应在进化上是保守的。胶质细胞的增殖和分化关键依赖于kon-tiki/NG2和pros/prox-1基因。两个正反馈回路提供了引发快速再生反应的“GO信号”。两个负反馈环路发出终止反应的“停止信号”。损伤重新激活了一种正常情况下维持结构内稳态的发育机制。神经鞘细胞对中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤的再生反应包括增殖和分化、轴突重新包裹和一些行为恢复。了解这一有限的反应可以使其得到加强。在果蝇中,神经胶质祖细胞的状态是由细胞分裂的激活剂Notch和抑制因子Propero(Pros)维持的。损伤刺激核因子κB的激活和Kon-tiki(Kon)的上调,从而推动细胞增殖。当两个涉及Pro的负反馈环路终止反应时,就会发生动态平衡关闭。重要的是,KON和PROS同系物NG2和PROX1的功能在哺乳动物NG2神经胶质细胞中是保守的。控制这些基因是治疗操作祖细胞和干细胞以促进受损中枢神经系统再生的关键。
The glial regenerative response to CNS injury is evolutionarily conserved. Glial proliferation and differentiation critically depend on the genes kon-tiki/NG2 and pros/prox-1. Two positive feedback loops provide ‘go-signals’ that induce a rapid regenerative response. Two negative feedback loops deliver ‘stop signals’ that terminate the response. Injury re-activates a developmental mechanism that normally maintains structural homeostasis. The regenerative response of ensheating glia to central nervous system (CNS) injury involves proliferation and differentiation, axonal re-enwrapment and some recovery of behaviour. Understanding this limited response could enable the enhancement of it. In Drosophila, the glial progenitor state is maintained by Notch, an activator of cell division and Prospero (Pros), a repressor. Injury provokes the activation of NFκB and up-regulation of Kon-tiki (Kon), driving cell proliferation. Homeostatic switch-off comes about as two negative feedback loops involving Pros terminate the response. Importantly, the functions of the kon and pros homologues NG2 and prox1, respectively, are conserved in mammalian NG2 glia. Controlling these genes is key for therapeutic manipulation of progenitors and stem cells to promote regeneration of the damaged CNS.
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