Relevance of Gender-Sensitive Policies and General Health Indicators to Compare the Status of South Asian Women's Health
Relevance of Gender-Sensitive Policies and General Health Indicators to Compare the Status of South Asian Women's Health
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.whi.2010.10.003
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Stewart, Donna E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gill, Roopan;Stewart, Donna E.
背景：尽管南亚有性别平等的目标，但对性别问题敏感的政策与赋予妇女权力之间的关系是复杂的，需要分析政策如何与与妇女健康有关的一系列广泛的社会、文化、政治和经济指标保持一致。方法：通过审查世界卫生组织和联合国的四份文件，列出了17项对性别问题敏感的政策和17项一般健康指标，重点是保健、教育、经济和政治赋权以及对妇女的暴力行为。在孟加拉国、印度、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡，可在公共领域访问的一系列政策文件以及国际和国家数据库是查找处理妇女健康结果的支持性文件的主要工具。结果：所有五个南亚国家都制定了若干对性别问题敏感的政策，这些政策可通过有助于健康的指标加以衡量。对政治和经济地位、出生性别比、人口贩运、文盲率、产妇死亡率、避孕普及率、生育率、预防艾滋病毒/艾滋病的知识、获得熟练助产士的机会和小额信贷的审查表明，尽管存在对性别问题敏感的政策，但严重的性别不平等现象仍然普遍存在。结论：在许多情况下，对性别问题敏感的政策并没有反映在广泛的指标上实现性别平等。尽管这五个国家的经济、政治、社会和文化气候可能有所不同，但将妇女的需求纳入政策的制定、实施和监测是实现积极成果的普遍必要条件。2011年雅各布斯妇女健康研究所版权所有。Elsevier Inc.出版。
Background: Despite goals for gender equity in South Asia, the relationship between gender-sensitive policies and the empowerment of women is complex and requires an analysis of how policies align with a broad set of social, cultural, political, and economic indicators that relate to women's health.Methods: Through a review of four documents under the umbrella of the World Health Organization and the United Nations, a list of 17 gender-sensitive policy and 17 general health indicators was generated with a focus on health, education, economic, and political empowerment and violence against women. A series of policy documents and international and national databases that are accessible in the public domain were the major tools used to find supporting documentation to address women's health outcomes in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.Results: All five South Asian countries had several gender-sensitive policies that were measurable by indicators that contribute to health. Examination of political and economic status, birth sex ratios, human trafficking, illiteracy rates, maternal mortality rates, contraception prevalence, fertility rates, knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention, access to skilled birth attendants, and microfinance show that large gender inequities still prevail despite the presence of gender-sensitive policies.Conclusion: In many cases, the presence of gender-sensitive policies did not reflect the realization of gender equity over a wide range of indicators. Although the economic, political, social, and cultural climates of the five countries may differ, the integration of women's needs into the formulation, implementation, and monitoring of policies is a universal necessity to achieve positive outcomes. Copyright (C) 2011 by the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc.