THE TYPICAL SUBTROPICAL EVERGREEN BROADLEAVED FOREST OF CHINA
THE TYPICAL SUBTROPICAL EVERGREEN BROADLEAVED FOREST OF CHINA
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发表时间：
1988
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通讯作者：
Z. Zhong
中科院分区：
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作者：
Z. Zhong
常绿阔叶林是以壳斗科、樟科、山茶科、木兰科等常绿阔叶树种为主的森林。有时一些生态学家将这种森林命名为亚热带常绿阔叶林，因为它分布在湿润的气候条件下，处于热带地区。典型的亚热带常绿阔叶林是中亚热带常绿阔叶林。就常绿阔叶林的全球分布面积而言，最大、最典型的是中国。成为地球上常见而稀有的植被类型。我国常绿阔叶林中，表层优势植物一般为青冈属、槠属和石果属。但相对湿润地区的润楠属和波贝属以及相对湿润地区的木荷属数量增多，并与顶层的上述三个属一起成为共优势种。常绿木兰种在几种群落类型中出现频率较高，但不占优势，且分布范围很少，且种群数量大、综合性强。通过对生活型谱和叶类谱的分析，可以看出亚热带常绿阔叶林是热带雨林和温带落叶阔叶林之间的过渡植被类型，接近于热带雨林。叶片特征确实反映了亚热带常绿阔叶林叶片尺寸光谱的过渡特征。常绿阔叶林分层明显，内部主要有乔木层、灌木层和草本层以及田野层。乔木层的第一亚层主要由常绿阔叶植物synusia组成，其中包括造化植物，即。 e.壳斗科、樟科、山茶科等少数常绿植物，是群落的建筑群落。第一亚树层的发育状况在一定程度上反映了一个群落的成熟程度。亚热带常绿阔叶林的演替主要包括这两种，即亚热带常绿阔叶林的演替。 e.渐进演替和倒退演替。可见，常绿阔叶林是相对稳定的顶极群落，如果不受到强烈干扰，顶极不会发生大的变化。当然，种群数量尤其是相对数量的变化是频繁的，这反映了种群的一种生态适应策略，而且群落越稳定，这种策略越明显。
Evergreen broadleaved forest is the forest consisting maialy of the evergreen broadleaved species of Fagaceae,Lauracsae, Theaceas and Magntliaceae. Sometimes some ecologists have named the forest subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest because it is distributed under wet climatic, conditions in snbtropics. The typical subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest is a midsubtropical evergreen broadleaved forest.As for the global distribution area of the evergreen broadleaved fore st area, the largest and the most typical one is in China. It becomes an ususual and rare type of vegetation on earth.Within the evergreen broadleaved forest in China, the dominants on the top layer, in general, are Cyclobalanopsis, Castanopsis and Lithocarpus. But Machilus and poebe species in relatively wet region and Schima species in relatively and region increase in number and become codominants together with the three genera mentioned above on the top layer. Evergreen species of Magnoliaesus occur frequently within several types of the communities but they do not dominate and are scarcely distributed as large and Integrated population.Through analysing life-form spectrum and leaf-class spectrum, we can see that subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest is the transitional type of vegetation between tropical rain forest and temperate deciduous broadleaved forest and approaches tropical rain forest. The leaf features does refect the transitional feature of leaf-size spectra of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest.Evergreen broadleaved forest manifests clear stratification and within it there are mainly a tree layer, a shrub layer and a herbaceous layer as well as a field stratum. The first sublayer of the tree layer is chiefly made up of evergreen broadleaved macrophanerophyte synusia which consists of edificators,i. e. a few evergreen species of Fagaceae,Lauraceae, and Theaceae, and so is the edificato synusia of the community. Development situation of the first sub-tree layer refects to a certain extent,the mature degree of a community.The succession of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest includes largely those two kinds, i. e. progressive succession and retrogressive succession.It is evident that evergreen broadleaved forest is relatively stable climax community, and if it is not disturbed strongly,large changes win't happen in the ctimax. The populations, of course, change frequently in number, especially relative number, which refects a kind of ecologically adaptive strategy of population, and the stabler a community, the more evident the strategy is.