Trophic Transfer Efficiency in Lakes
Trophic Transfer Efficiency in Lakes
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DOI：
10.1007/s10021-022-00776-3
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发表时间：
2022-07-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gaedke, Ursula
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mehner, Thomas;Attermeyer, Katrin;Gaedke, Ursula
营养转移效率（TTE）通常计算为两个连续营养级之间的生产率之比。尽管看似简单，但对湖泊的 TTE 估算却很少见。在我们的回顾中，我们探讨了正确的湖泊 TTE 估算必须了解的流程和结构。我们简要讨论了生产率和营养级位置的测量，并提到生态效率、营养物（N、P）和其他化合物（脂肪酸）如何影响营养级之间的能量转移，从而影响 TTE。此外，我们根据生态学代谢理论阐明了 TTE 估计如何与基于规模的方法联系起来，以及如何应用食物网模型来研究湖泊中的 TTE。随后，我们探讨了湖泊生产和 TTE 的时空异质性，特别关注底栖和中上层生境之间以及湖泊和陆地环境之间的联系。我们概述了已发表文献中发现的湖泊的 TTE 估计值。最后，我们提出了两种估算 TTE 的替代方法。首先，TTE 可以被视为一个机械量，反映生产者和消费者群体之间的能量和物质流。这种方法在食物网结构方面提供了丰富的信息，但需要大量数据。最大的不确定性来自于适当考虑基础产量来估计杂食生物的 TTE。另一种方法是通过将单个消费者水平的异养生产或包括异养细菌在内的所有异养生产的总和与初级生产的总和进行比较来估计食物链和食物网效率。我们通过指出一些研究问题来结束评论，这些问题将受益于更频繁和标准化的湖泊 TTE 估计。
Trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) is usually calculated as the ratio of production rates between two consecutive trophic levels. Although seemingly simple, TTE estimates from lakes are rare. In our review, we explore the processes and structures that must be understood for a proper lake TTE estimate. We briefly discuss measurements of production rates and trophic positions and mention how ecological efficiencies, nutrients (N, P) and other compounds (fatty acids) affect energy transfer between trophic levels and hence TTE. Furthermore, we elucidate how TTE estimates are linked with size-based approaches according to the Metabolic Theory of Ecology, and how food-web models can be applied to study TTE in lakes. Subsequently, we explore temporal and spatial heterogeneity of production and TTE in lakes, with a particular focus on the links between benthic and pelagic habitats and between the lake and the terrestrial environment. We provide an overview of TTE estimates from lakes found in the published literature. Finally, we present two alternative approaches to estimating TTE. First, TTE can be seen as a mechanistic quantity informing about the energy and matter flow between producer and consumer groups. This approach is informative with respect to food-web structure, but requires enormous amounts of data. The greatest uncertainty comes from the proper consideration of basal production to estimate TTE of omnivorous organisms. An alternative approach is estimating food-chain and food-web efficiencies, by comparing the heterotrophic production of single consumer levels or the total sum of all heterotrophic production including that of heterotrophic bacteria to the total sum of primary production. We close the review by pointing to a few research questions that would benefit from more frequent and standardized estimates of TTE in lakes.