The portion size effect and overconsumption - towards downsizing solutions for children and adolescents
The portion size effect and overconsumption - towards downsizing solutions for children and adolescents
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DOI：
10.1111/nbu.12307
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Blundell-Birtill, P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hetherington, M. M.;Blundell-Birtill, P.
在超重和肥胖水平上升的同时，提供给消费者的食物份量也在增加。有人认为，大部分高能量密度（HED）食物会增加总能量摄入量，并且在短期至中期内无法得到补偿，可能会促进体重增加。在实验室环境中，提供大部分HED食物会增加儿童和成人的整体能量摄入。这种现象被称为份量效应（PSE），它是强大的，可靠的和持久的。PSE的可能影响是，随着时间的推移，大部分食物可能会导致暴饮暴食，并可能导致超重和肥胖。PSE的解释从简单的行为学（如清理盘子的倾向）到更复杂的生物行为过程（包括通过饮食特征对外部食物线索的易感性的个体差异）不等。消费者可能会根据现有的消费标准进食，或者在有大部分食物时伺机进食。PSE的一个明显的解决方案是"缩小“HED膳食项目和零食，但这一战略是否可以接受或可行尚不清楚。在成年人中，裁员的影响好坏参半，对儿童和青少年的影响尚不清楚。争论的焦点是，对于那些仍在学习社会规范和适当部分的人来说，仍然有可能通过缩小战略来对抗PSE。
Portion sizes of foods offered to consumers have increased at the same time as overweight and obesity levels have risen. It has been suggested that large portions of high energy density (HED) foods increase total energy intake and that this is not compensated for in the short-to medium-term, potentially promoting weight gain. In the laboratory setting, offering large portions of HED foods increases overall energy intake in both children and adults. This phenomenon is known as the portion size effect (PSE), and it is robust, reliable and enduring. The possible impact of the PSE is that large portions served over time may facilitate overeating and could contribute to overweight and obesity. Explanations for the PSE vary from simple heuristics, such as the tendency to clear the plate, to more complex biobehavioural processes, including individual differences in susceptibility to external food cues through eating traits. Consumers may eat in accordance with available consumption norms or eat opportunistically when large portions are made available. An obvious solution to the PSE is to `downsize' HED meal items and snacks, but whether this strategy is acceptable or feasible is not clear. In adults, the effects of downsizing are mixed and for children and adolescents, as yet unclear. The contention is that for those who are still learning about social norms and appropriate portions, there remains the potential to counter the PSE through downsizing strategies.