Social identities in talk: Speakers' own orientations
Social identities in talk: Speakers' own orientations
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8309.1996.tb01109.x
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Levine, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Antaki, C;Condor, S;Levine, M
如果一个人将社会身份视为对话互动中的一种灵活资源，会发生什么？对谈话顺序的密切关注表明，说话人的身份比简单的预先给出的类别标签所暗示的要微妙得多，而且它们随着情况的短暂(但具有社会影响的)需求而迅速变化。如果心理学家只在一个给定的时间点对互动进行采样，他们会看到参与者只使用或被归因于一个身份；但我们展示了聊天者在他们的业务进展中使用并相互归因于各种不同的身份。在这样做的过程中，说话者不仅承认了相互矛盾的身份，而且还援引了群体的区别性和相似性--而这两种策略都不容易与身份认同的社会心理学理论相一致。我们把我们在这个特定案例研究中发现的东西放到了争论中，一方面是民族学方法偏好从参与者自己的取向到身份认同，另一方面是社会心理学研究实践，这些实践倾向于从分析上优先考虑给定的社会类别。我们认为，至少，社会心理学方法可以通过更多地关注身份作为情境描述的问题，而不是作为知觉-认知过程的问题来丰富。
What happens if one treats social identity as a flexible resource in conversational interaction? Close attention to the sequencing of talk suggests that speakers' identities are much more subtle than simple pre-given category labels suggest, and that they change rapidly as a function of the ephemeral (but socially consequential) demands of the situation. Were a psychologist to have sampled the interaction only at one given point, they would have seen a participant using, or being attributed with, only one identity; but we show chat speakers use, and attribute each other with, a variety of different identities as their business progresses. In so doing, the speakers can be seen not only to avow contradictory identities but also to invoke both group distinctiveness and similarity-and neither of these strategies are easy to square with social psychological theories of identity. We put what we find in this particular case study into the debate between, on the one hand, ethnomethodological preference for working from participants' own orientations to identity and, on che other hand, social psychological research practices which tend co privilege analytically given social categories. At the very least, we argue, the social psychological approach can be enriched by attending more to identity as a matter of situated description and less as a matter of perceptuo-cognitive processing.