Improvements in Gold Nanorod Biocompatibility with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Stabilization
Improvements in Gold Nanorod Biocompatibility with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Stabilization
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DOI：
10.3390/jnt2030010
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发表时间：
2021-07
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通讯作者：
Rossana Terracciano;A. Zhang;Mathieu L. Simeral;D. Demarchi;J. Hafner;Carly S. Filgueira
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文献类型：
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作者：
Rossana Terracciano;A. Zhang;Mathieu L. Simeral;D. Demarchi;J. Hafner;Carly S. Filgueira
由于其定义明确的等离子体特性，金纳米棒（GNR）可以在电磁光谱的近红外区域中具有最佳的光吸收，这使得它们适用于癌症相关的治疗诊断应用。然而，由于合成过程中表面活性剂的稳定性，其有争议的安全性特征限制了其临床转化。我们报道了一种通过十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的存在来改善GNR生物相容性的简便方法。以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为阳离子表面活性剂，通过种子法合成了120 × 40 nm的GNR。合成后，SDS用作交换配体以将颗粒的净表面电荷从正改性为负，同时保持棒在水性环境中的稳定性。在两种不同的癌细胞系，刘易斯肺癌（LLC）和HeLa细胞中检查GNR的细胞毒性作用以及其细胞摄取的机制。我们不仅发现GNR处理对细胞活力的显著剂量依赖性作用，而且发现GNR表面活性剂电荷对两种细胞系的细胞毒性的时间依赖性作用。我们的研究结果促进了更好地理解我们如何在暴露于活生物体时介导GNR合成副产物的不良后果，到目前为止，这限制了GNR在癌症治疗诊断学中的应用。
Due to their well-defined plasmonic properties, gold nanorods (GNRs) can be fabricated with optimal light absorption in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which make them suitable for cancer-related theranostic applications. However, their controversial safety profile, as a result of surfactant stabilization during synthesis, limits their clinical translation. We report a facile method to improve GNR biocompatibility through the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). GNRs (120 × 40 nm) were synthesized through a seed-mediated approach, using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a cationic surfactant to direct the growth of nanorods and stabilize the particles. Post-synthesis, SDS was used as an exchange ligand to modify the net surface charge of the particles from positive to negative while maintaining rod stability in an aqueous environment. GNR cytotoxic effects, as well as the mechanisms of their cellular uptake, were examined in two different cancer cell lines, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and HeLa cells. We not only found a significant dose-dependent effect of GNR treatment on cell viability but also a time-dependent effect of GNR surfactant charge on cytotoxicity over the two cell lines. Our results promote a better understanding of how we can mediate the undesired consequences of GNR synthesis byproducts when exposed to a living organism, which so far has limited GNR use in cancer theranostics.