Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 6: Hypertension A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology
Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 6: Hypertension A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology
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DOI：
10.1161/cir.0000000000000242
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
37.8
通讯作者：
White, William B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Black, Henry R.;Sica, Domenic;White, William B.
体循环血压（BP）升高（高血压）是普通人群中最常见的心血管疾病，被认为是竞技运动员中最普遍的心血管危险因素。竞技运动员包括那些参加有组织运动的运动员，这些运动通常发生在学校、社区和职业联盟中，包括但不限于通常需要医疗监督的校内和联盟运动。虽然大多数竞技运动员的年龄在20到40岁之间，但现在也有许多年轻人参加竞技体育。美国心脏协会（American Heart Association）利用2007年至2010年的国家健康与营养检查（NHANES）数据进行的2013年更新估计，20至34岁的男性中有9.1%和该年龄段的女性中有6.7%患有高血压，这是基于血压测量值升高或对“你是否服用抗高血压药物或被告知你患有高血压”这个问题回答为“是”的。1儿童和青少年的患病率估计约为3.5%，年龄较大和肥胖儿童的患病率更高。2高血压的诊断是基于受试者在适当条件下至少2次，间隔至少1周，通过常规血压计测量血压达到或高于一定水平。3然而，竞技运动员的血压测量通常是由不同的医疗保健提供者获得的，这使得在诊断高血压之前对测试条件进行标准化尤为必要。18岁以上血压>收缩压140mmhg和/或>舒张压90mmhg的人被认为患有高血压。3 .在儿童和青少年中，高血压的定义是平均收缩压或舒张压水平高于性别、年龄和身高的第95个百分位数；然而，由于竞技运动员的身体发育较早，当高血压的成年年龄标准适用于青少年时，就存在疑问。在确定高血压患者可能参与的竞技体育活动水平时，确定高血压相关靶器官损伤的程度也很重要。尽管高血压
An elevation of blood pressure (BP) in the systemic circulation (hypertension) is the most common cardiovascular condition in the general population and considered to be the most ubiquitous cardiovascular risk factor in competitive athletes. Competitive athletes include those athletes involved in organized sports that typically occur in schools, communities, and professional leagues, including but not limited to intramural and league sports in which medical supervision is typically required. Although most competitive athletes are between the ages of 20 and 40 years, many younger people now participate in competitive athletics. The 2013 update from the American Heart Association using the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) data from 2007 to 2010 estimates that 9.1% of men aged 20 to 34 years and 6.7% of women of that age are hypertensive, based on having an elevated BP measurement or answering “yes” to the question,“Are you taking antihypertensive medication or were you told that you had hypertension?” 1 The prevalence in children and adolescents is estimated to be≈ 3.5%, with higher percentages in older and obese children. 2 The diagnosis of hypertension is based on the subject having an elevated BP at or above certain levels measured by routine sphygmomanometry under appropriate conditions on at least 2 separate occasions separated by at least 1 week. 3 However, BP measurements in the competitive athlete are typically obtained by different healthcare providers, which makes it particularly necessary that the testing conditions be standardized before the diagnosis of hypertension is made. People> 18 years of age with a BP> 140 mm Hg systolic and/or> 90 mm Hg diastolic are considered to have hypertension. 3 In children and adolescents, hypertension is defined as average systolic or diastolic BP levels greater than the 95th percentile for sex, age, and height; however, earlier physical maturation of the competitive athlete leaves open to question when an adult age criterion for hypertension should be applied to the adolescent. 4 In determining the level of competitive athletic activity that a hypertensive person may engage in, it is also important to determine the degree of hypertension-related target-organ damage. Although hypertension has