Quality of child-parent attachment moderates the impact of antenatal stress on child fearfulness
Quality of child-parent attachment moderates the impact of antenatal stress on child fearfulness
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01987.x
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
O'Connor, T. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergman, K.;Sarkar, P.;O'Connor, T. G.
背景资料：动物研究表明，产前压力对后代发育的几个方面有持续的影响;最近的研究表明，这种影响可以通过积极的产后养育来消除。对产前焦虑/压力的人类研究现在也开始记录产前压力/焦虑与儿童行为和认知发展之间的联系;然而，没有人类证据表明早期分娩环境是否会缓和产前焦虑/压力对儿童结局的影响。方法：收集了123名来自产前检查诊所的妇女的产前和产后压力测量结果。当孩子们17个月大的时候，对孩子们的认知发展和恐惧进行了评估。此外，亲子依恋质量进行了评估，使用奇怪的情况。结果：依恋分类调节产前压力和观察到的恐惧之间的联系。产前压力对恐惧的影响在不安全/抵抗依恋分类的儿童中最为突出;控制产后压力和产科，社会和人口因素后，产前压力x依恋分类的相互作用显着。依恋没有缓和产前焦虑对认知发展的影响。讨论：这些研究结果提供了第一个人类证据，产后养育可能会缓和产前压力的不利影响。这些结果提出了有关干预措施的时机和效果的发展问题，以减少产前压力暴露的不利影响。
Background: Animal studies have shown that prenatal stress has persisting effects on several aspects of offspring development; more recent studies show that this effect may be eliminated by positive postnatal rearing. Human studies of prenatal anxiety/stress are now also beginning to document links between antenatal stress/anxiety and behavioural and cognitive development of the child; however, there is no human evidence as to whether the early caregiving environment moderates the effect of antenatal anxiety/stress on child outcomes. Methods: Antenatal and postnatal measures of stress were collected on 123 women who were recruited from an antenatal clinic. Laboratory-based assessment of the children's cognitive development and fearfulness were assessed when the children were aged 17 months. In addition, child-parent attachment quality was assessed using the Strange Situation. Results: Attachment classification moderated the link between antenatal stress and observed fearfulness. The effect of antenatal stress on fearfulness was most accentuated in children with an Insecure/Resistant attachment classification; the significant antenatal stress x attachment classification interaction held after controlling for postnatal stress and obstetric, social and demographic factors. Attachment did not moderate the effects of antenatal anxiety on cognitive development. Discussion:These findings provide the first human evidence that postnatal parenting may moderate the adverse effects of antenatal stress. These results raise developmental questions about the timing and effect of interventions to reduce the adverse effects of antenatal stress exposure.