Experimental evidence that host species composition alters host–pathogen dynamics in a ranavirus–amphibian assemblage
Experimental evidence that host species composition alters host–pathogen dynamics in a ranavirus–amphibian assemblage
复制标题
宿主物种组成改变蛙病毒-两栖动物组合中宿主-病原体动态的实验证据
DOI：
10.1002/ecy.3885
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Blaustein, Andrew R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Snyder, Paul W.;Ramsay, Chloe T.;Harjoe, Carmen C.;Khazan, Emily S.;Briggs, Cheryl J.;Hoverman, Jason Todd;Johnson, Pieter T.;Preston, Daniel;Rohr, Jason R.;Blaustein, Andrew R.
生物多样性的丧失可以通过宿主物种组成的变化来改变疾病风险。宿主物种的病原体敏感性和能力各不相同，但在许多系统中，多样性的变化如何改变宿主-病原体动态仍不清楚，特别是对于通用病原体而言。两栖动物正在经历与蛙病毒等通用病原体有关的全球范围内的种群数量下降，因此它们是研究宿主物种组成如何影响疾病风险的理想群体。我们进行了实验，将三种本地物种的两栖动物幼虫（太平洋树蛙，Pseudacris regilla；卡斯卡德蛙，Rana cascadae；和西部蟾蜍，Anaxyrus boreas）单独暴露于蛙病毒（在实验室中）或作为组合（在室外中环境中）。在实验室实验中，我们观察到 P 中的低存活率和高病毒载量。与其他物种相比，Regilla 表明该物种对该病原体高度敏感。在中宇宙实验中，我们观察到41%A。单独使用时，死亡率为 98%；使用 P 维持时，死亡率为 98%。雷吉拉和R.级联。我们的结果表明，高度易感物种的存在可以改变多个物种的疾病动态，可能增加共存物种的感染风险和死亡率。
Losses in biodiversity can alter disease risk through changes in host species composition. Host species vary in pathogen susceptibility and competence, yet how changes in diversity alter host–pathogen dynamics remains unclear in many systems, particularly with respect to generalist pathogens. Amphibians are experiencing worldwide population declines linked to generalist pathogens, such as ranavirus, and thus represent an ideal group to investigate how host species composition affects disease risk. We conducted experiments in which amphibian larvae of three native species (Pacific tree frogs,Pseudacris regilla; Cascades frogs,Rana cascadae; and Western toads,Anaxyrus boreas) were exposed to ranavirus individually (in the laboratory) or as assemblages (in outdoor mesocosms). In a laboratory experiment, we observed low survival and high viral loads inP. regillacompared to the other species, suggesting that this species was highly susceptible to the pathogen. In the mesocosm experiment, we observed 41%A. boreasmortality when alone and 98% mortality when maintained withP. regillaandR. cascadae. Our results suggest that the presence of highly susceptible species can alter disease dynamics across multiple species, potentially increasing infection risk and mortality in co‐occurring species.