Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychiatric adjustment in late adolescence
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychiatric adjustment in late adolescence
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.55.8.721
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发表时间：
1998-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Horwood, LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fergusson, DM;Woodward, LJ;Horwood, LJ
背景资料：本研究评估了在何种程度上暴露于母亲吸烟在怀孕期间与精神症状的风险增加，在青春期后期（青少年年龄在16-18岁）时，适当津贴的混杂或选择因素与母亲吸烟在pregnancy.Methods：数据收集在一个18年的纵向研究的出生队列的1265名儿童出生在新西兰。收集的测量指标包括（1）母亲在怀孕期间吸烟，（2）精神问题的评估（3）对16 - 18岁儿童的行为障碍、严重抑郁症、焦虑症和物质使用障碍的评估;（4）对可能混淆社会、家庭和父母因素的评估。在怀孕期间暴露于母亲吸烟的儿童有较高的精神症状率，行为障碍，酗酒，物质滥用和抑郁症。那些母亲在怀孕期间每天吸烟至少1，000包的孩子的症状发生率比不吸烟的孩子高1.4到2.5倍（中位数，2.0）。怀孕期间吸烟也与一系列不利或不利因素有关，包括（1）社会经济劣势，（2）育儿行为受损，（3）父母和家庭问题。在调整了这些混杂因素和选择因素后，怀孕期间吸烟与青春期后期品行障碍症状发生率的增加显著相关（P
Background: This study assessed the extent to which exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased risks of psychiatric symptoms in late adolescence (adolescents aged 16-18 years) when due allowance was made for confounding or selection factors associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy.Methods: Data were gathered during an 18-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children born in New Zealand. The measures collected included (1) maternal smoking during pregnancy, (2) assessments of psychiatric problems (conduct disorder, major depression, and anxiety and substance use disorders) at age 16 to 18 years; and (3) measures of potentially confounding social, family, and parental factors.Results: Children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy had higher psychiatric symptom rates for conduct disorder, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, and depression. Those children whose mothers smoked at least 1, pack of cigarettes per day during their pregnancy had symptom rates that were between 1.4 and 2.5 (median, 2.0) times higher than the children of nonsmokers. Smoking during pregnancy was also associated with a series of adverse or disadvantageous factors that included (1) socioeconomic disadvantage, (2) impaired childrearing behaviors, and (3) parental and family problems. After adjustment for these confounding and selection factors, smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased rate of conduct disorder symptoms in late adolescence (P