BEHAVIOUR STUDIES OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS WESTW IN FIELD
BEHAVIOUR STUDIES OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS WESTW IN FIELD
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DOI：
10.1017/s0007485300049956
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发表时间：
1967-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
PILSON, BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PILSON, RD;PILSON, BM
1961- 1963年，在罗得西亚的Lusulu兽医研究站对莫西坦鼠的摄食活动、休息行为和季节分布进行了调查。使用了9个主要采样点，在5种不同的植被类型中各有一个，在不同类型对相遇的地方有4个。在每个地点，从4个季节的每一个连续几天的黎明到黄昏，捕捉在拴牛身上自然充血的采采蝇，标记并释放，并记录气象数据。白天观察休息的苍蝇，无论是有标记的还是没有标记的，都是通过从地面到25英尺高的植被（借助梯子）进行搜索，并在一天中最热的时候在无法进入的休息地点（如蚁熊洞）放置网，从而捕获晚些时候出现的苍蝇。试图通过释放涂有反光漆的苍蝇来确定夜间栖息的地方，但没有成功。结果表明，在18℃以下蝇类无活动，在32℃以上蝇类对光有负反应。随着夜幕降临，进食突然停止，有证据表明，在阳光明媚的中午时分，强烈的光线会减少它们的活动。摄食活动的日模式在季节之间变化很大，但在植被类型之间变化相对较小。在以牛为食的蝇类中观察到性别比接近相等。有标记蝇再次捕获（即第二次捕饵）的比例较低，根据植被类型和季节在0 ~ 12%之间，雄蝇高于雌蝇。白天，所有植被类型的树洞和树枝都被用作休息的地方，在大多数季节，树枝（尤其是水平的）是首选。当温度上升到32度以上时。然而，苍蝇会转移到阴凉的地方休息，例如，蚁熊洞、岩石裂缝、树上的腐洞和深色树皮树上的凹槽洞。夜间用手电筒搜索，也没能发现当时使用的休息场所。摄食蝇类的捕获表明，陆禄鲁地区的植被类型广泛，四季都有莫西顿蝇栖息，除干热季节河滨植被中有雄蝇栖息外，在一年中的任何时间，在任何特定的植被中几乎都没有蝇类的集中。这些发现讨论了有关控制的区别清除。
Investigations of the feeding activity, resting behavior and seasonal distribution of G. morsitans were carried out at Lusulu Veterinary Research Station, Rhodesia, in 1961-63. Nine principal sampling sites were used, one in each of 5 distinct vegetation types and 4 at places where various pairs of types met. At each site, from dawn to dusk on several consecutive days in each of 4 seasons, tsetse flies that had engorged naturally on a tethered ox were caught, marked and released, and meteorological readings were taken. Daylight observations of resting flies, both marked and unmarked, were made by searching the vegetation from ground level to a height of 25 feet (with the aid of ladders) and also by placing nets over inaccessible resting places, such as ant-bear holes, at the hottest time of day, thus trapping the flies that emerged later. Attempts to determine the night resting places by releasing flies marked with reflecting paint were unsuccessful. The results showed that the feeding activity of G. morsitans was restricted to temperatures between 18[degree]C, below which the flies were inactive, and about 32[degree]C, above which they exhibited a negative reaction to light. Feeding ceased abruptly with the onset of darkness, and there was some evidence that activity was reduced by very high light intensity during the middle hours of sunny days. The diurnal pattern of feeding activity varied considerably from season to season but relatively little between vegetation types. A sex ratio near equality was observed among flies caught feeding on oxen. The proportion of marked flies recaptured (i.e., feeding a 2nd time on a bait-ox) was low, ranging from 0 to 12% according to vegetation type and season it was higher for males than for females. During daylight, the boles and branches of trees were used as resting places in all vegetation types, branches (especially horizontal ones) being preferred at most seasons. When temperatures rose above 32[degree]C., however, the flies removed to resting places in deep shade, e.g., ant-bear holes, rock crevices, rot holes in trees and the fluted boles of dark-barked trees. Searching at night with electric torches failed to reveal the resting places used at that time. The catches of feeding flies indicated that a wide range of vegetation types at Lusulu were inhabited by G. morsitans at all seasons and that, with the exception of males in riverine vegetation in the hot dry season, virtually no concentration of flies took place in any specific vegetation at any time of year. These findings are discussed in relation to control by discriminative clearing.