Starring stellate cells in liver immunology.
Starring stellate cells in liver immunology.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.coi.2007.10.006
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发表时间：
2008-02
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Florian Winau;C. Quack;Alexandre Darmoise;S. Kaufmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Florian Winau;C. Quack;Alexandre Darmoise;S. Kaufmann
星状细胞是位于肝脏中的星形细胞，并介导许多主要非免疫功能。它们在维生素A的代谢中起着关键作用，并储存80%的全身视黄醇。在活化后，星状细胞分化为肌成纤维细胞以产生细胞外基质，导致肝纤维化。此外，激活的星状细胞通过门静脉高压症中涉及的血管收缩来调节肝血流。早期的工作证明了星形细胞来源的趋化因子和细胞因子如转化生长因子β（TGF-β）的分泌，表明与免疫过程相关。事实上，最近的证据表明，肝星状细胞执行有效的APC功能，用于刺激NKT细胞以及CD 8和CD 4 T细胞。此外，星状细胞介导的抗原呈递诱导针对细菌感染的保护性免疫。目前的实验表明，星状细胞的提呈能力是维生素A衍生的视黄酸指导抗原依赖性T细胞的关键。最后，未来的研究将表明，在免疫学的苍穹中，星状细胞将代表恒星还是流星。
Stellate cells are star-shaped cells located in the liver and mediate a multitude of primarily non-immunological functions. They play a pivotal role in the metabolism of vitamin A and store 80% of total body retinol. Upon activation, stellate cells differentiate to myofibroblasts for production of extracellular matrix, leading to liver fibrosis. Moreover, activated stellate cells regulate liver blood flow through vasoconstriction implicated in portal hypertension. Earlier work demonstrated stellate cell derived secretion of chemokines and cytokines such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), suggesting an association with immunological processes. Indeed, recent evidence indicated that hepatic stellate cells perform potent APC function for stimulation of NKT cells as well as CD8 and CD4 T cells. Additionally, stellate cell mediated antigen presentation induced protective immunity against bacterial infection. Current experiments reveal that the presenting ability of stellate cells is the key to antigen-dependent T cell instruction by vitamin A derived retinoic acid. Finally, future studies will show whether in the firmament of immunology stellate cells will represent fixed or falling stars.