Exposing and addressing tobacco industry conduct in low-income and middle-income countries.
Exposing and addressing tobacco industry conduct in low-income and middle-income countries.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60312-9
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发表时间：
2015-03-14
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Jackson, Rachel Rose
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gilmore, Anna B.;Fooks, Gary;Drope, Jeffrey;Bialous, Stella Aguinaga;Jackson, Rachel Rose
烟草业的未来取决于低收入和中等收入国家烟草使用的增加，这些国家面临着日益增加的烟草相关疾病负担，但有可能防止这一流行病的全面升级。为了提高销售额，烟草业大力推销其产品，故意针对非吸烟者，并保持低价格，直到吸烟和当地经济充分建立起来，以推动价格和利润上升。烟草业系统地炫耀现有的烟草控制立法，并积极努力防止未来的政策利用其资源优势提出高度误导性的经济论点，将政治活动重新包装为企业社会责任，并建立和利用第三方使其论点更受欢迎。它越来越多地利用国内诉讼和国际仲裁来胁迫中小岛屿发展中国家执行有效的政策，并劫持烟草走私问题以获得政策利益，试图控制非法贸易，而历史上有压倒性的证据表明，它参与了这一非法贸易。只有按照《烟草控制框架公约》第5.3条的规定积极解决烟草业的干预问题，才能取得进展。典型的低收入国家表明，这一行动是可以实现的，并表明揭露烟草业的不当行为是必不可少的第一步。
The tobacco industry's future depends on increasing tobacco use in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), which face a growing burden of tobacco-related disease, yet have potential to prevent full-scale escalation of this epidemic. To drive up sales the industry markets its products heavily, deliberately targeting non-smokers and keeps prices low until smoking and local economies are sufficiently established to drive prices and profits up. The industry systematically flaunts existing tobacco control legislation and works aggressively to prevent future policies using its resource advantage to present highly misleading economic arguments, rebrand political activities as corporate social responsibility, and establish and use third parties to make its arguments more palatable. Increasingly it is using domestic litigation and international arbitration to bully LMICs from implementing effective policies and hijacking the problem of tobacco smuggling for policy gain, attempting to put itself in control of an illegal trade in which there is overwhelming historical evidence of its complicity. Progress will not be realised until tobacco industry interference is actively addressed as outlined in Article 5.3 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Exemplar LMICs show this action can be achieved and indicate that exposing tobacco industry misconduct is an essential first step.