Assembling Old Tricks for New Tasks: A Neural Model of Instructional Learning and Control
Assembling Old Tricks for New Tasks: A Neural Model of Instructional Learning and Control
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_00365
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
O'Reilly, Randall C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Tsung-Ren;Hazy, Thomas E.;O'Reilly, Randall C.
我们可以从他人的智慧中学习，以获得最大的成功。然而，目前尚不清楚人类如何接受建议以灵活地适应行为。基于神经解剖学、神经生理学和神经影像学的数据，我们建立了一个生物学上合理的模型来说明从指令中学习的神经机制。该模式由两个互补的学习途径组成。慢速学习的顶叶通路执行简单或习惯性的刺激-反应（S-R）映射，而快速学习的海马通路执行新的S-R规则。具体来说，海马可以快速编码任意的S-R关联，并且刺激提示的反应随后被召回到基底节门控的pFC中，以偏置运动前区和运动皮质中的反应选择。这两种模型学习路径之间的相互作用解释了指令如何超越习惯，以及如何通过运动巩固实现自动性。
We can learn from the wisdom of others to maximize success. However, it is unclear how humans take advice to flexibly adapt behavior. On the basis of data from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging, a biologically plausible model is developed to illustrate the neural mechanisms of learning from instructions. The model consists of two complementary learning pathways. The slow-learning parietal pathway carries out simple or habitual stimulus-response (S-R) mappings, whereas the fast-learning hippocampal pathway implements novel S-R rules. Specifically, the hippocampus can rapidly encode arbitrary S-R associations, and stimulus-cued responses are later recalled into the basal ganglia-gated pFC to bias response selection in the premotor and motor cortices. The interactions between the two model learning pathways explain how instructions can override habits and how automaticity can be achieved through motor consolidation.