A technical evaluation of biodiesel from vegetable oils vs. algae. Will algae-derived biodiesel perform?
A technical evaluation of biodiesel from vegetable oils vs. algae. Will algae-derived biodiesel perform?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1039/c0gc00946f
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Knothe, Gerhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knothe, Gerhard
生物柴油是最重要的可再生替代燃料之一，可从各种来源获得，包括植物油、动物脂肪和使用过的食用油，以及藻类等替代来源。虽然诸如土地使用变化、食物与燃料、原料可用性和生产潜力等问题影响了对“最佳”原料的搜索，但最终决定任何生物柴油燃料可用性的问题是燃料特性。冷流和氧化稳定性等问题一直是生物柴油的问题。生物柴油燃料的脂肪酸分布与原料的脂肪酸分布基本相同，并显著影响这些特性。本文从燃料性质的角度对植物油生物柴油和藻类生物柴油进行了比较。虽然从植物油衍生的生物柴油燃料的特性是众所周知的，但从藻类油获得的生物柴油的特性通常没有报道。许多海藻油的脂肪酸谱具有高含量的饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸。因此，衍生自藻类的生物柴油燃料在许多情况下可能具有差的燃料性质，即，冷流性差和氧化稳定性低。这一观察结果表明，仅凭生产潜力不足以判断原料是否适合用于生物柴油用途。本文还总结了如何通过改变脂肪酸酯的含量来改善生物柴油的燃料性能。用于生物柴油生产的藻类油可能最好在严格控制的条件下生产，因为藻类油的脂肪酸分布非常容易受到这些条件的变化的影响。藻类油可能产生生物柴油的问题最少的性能所确定的报告脂肪酸配置文件进行了讨论。
Biodiesel, one of the most prominent renewable alternative fuels, can be derived from a variety of sources including vegetable oils, animal fats and used cooking oils, as well as alternative sources such as algae. While issues such as land-use change, food vs. fuel, feedstock availability, and production potential have influenced the search for the "best" feedstocks, an issue that will ultimately determine the usability of any biodiesel fuel is that of fuel properties. Issues such as cold flow and oxidative stability have been problematic for biodiesel. The fatty acid profile of a biodiesel fuel is largely identical to that of the feedstock and significantly influences these properties. This article compares biodiesel derived from vegetable oils and biodiesel obtained from algae in light of fuel properties. While the properties of biodiesel fuels derived from vegetable oils are well-known, the properties of biodiesel obtained from algal oils have usually not been reported. The fatty acid profiles of many algal oils possess high amounts of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, biodiesel fuels derived from algae in many cases likely possess poor fuel properties, i.e., both poor cold flow and low oxidative stability simultaneously. This observation shows that production potential alone does not suffice to judge the suitability of a feedstock for biodiesel use. This article also summarizes how the fuel properties of biodiesel can be improved through modification of the fatty ester content. Algal oils for biodiesel production are probably best produced under tightly controlled conditions since the fatty acid profile of algal oils is very susceptible to changes in these conditions. Algal oils likely yielding biodiesel with the least problematic properties as determined by reported fatty acid profiles are discussed.