Estimating the Number of Heterosexual Persons in the United States to Calculate National Rates of HIV Infection.
Estimating the Number of Heterosexual Persons in the United States to Calculate National Rates of HIV Infection.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0133543
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Crepaz N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lansky A;Johnson C;Oraka E;Sionean C;Joyce MP;DiNenno E;Crepaz N
这项研究估计了美国（U.S.）异性恋者的比例和数量，以计算异性恋获得的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染率。量化疾病负担可以为有效的预防规划和资源分配提供信息。异性恋者被定义为曾经与异性伴侣发生性关系的男性和女性，并排除了那些有其他艾滋病毒风险的人：曾经注射毒品的人和曾经与另一个男人发生性关系的男性。我们利用 3 项全国概率调查的数据进行荟萃分析，这些调查测量了 15 岁及以上人群的终生（曾经）性活动和注射吸毒情况，以估计异性恋者在美国人口中的比例。然后，我们将异性恋者的比例应用于人口普查数据，以得出人口规模估计。全国异性恋者艾滋病毒感染率的计算使用分子中的监测数据（异性接触引起的病例）和分母中的异性恋人口规模估计值。成人和青少年异性恋者估计占美国人口的 86.7%（95% 置信区间：84.1%-89.3%）。男性的估计值为 84.1%（CI：81.2%-86.9%），女性的估计值为 89.4%（95% CI：86.9%-91.8%）。 2013年，艾滋病毒诊断率为每10万名异性恋者中5.2人，2012年，每10万名13岁或以上异性恋者中，艾滋病毒感染者确诊率为104人。黑人异性恋者的艾滋病毒感染率是白人异性恋者的 20 倍以上，表明存在相当大的差异。异性恋男性的比率比男性总体比率的差异更大。必须使用最佳可用数据来指导艾滋病毒预防决策。美国异性恋者的艾滋病毒感染率是成本效益和其他数据的重要补充，这些数据用于做出有关预防艾滋病毒感染的资源的关键决策。
This study estimated the proportions and numbers of heterosexuals in the United States (U.S.) to calculate rates of heterosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Quantifying the burden of disease can inform effective prevention planning and resource allocation. Heterosexuals were defined as males and females who ever had sex with an opposite-sex partner and excluded those with other HIV risks: persons who ever injected drugs and males who ever had sex with another man. We conducted meta-analysis using data from 3 national probability surveys that measured lifetime (ever) sexual activity and injection drug use among persons aged 15 years and older to estimate the proportion of heterosexuals in the United States population. We then applied the proportion of heterosexual persons to census data to produce population size estimates. National HIV infection rates among heterosexuals were calculated using surveillance data (cases attributable to heterosexual contact) in the numerators and the heterosexual population size estimates in the denominators. Adult and adolescent heterosexuals comprised an estimated 86.7% (95% confidence interval: 84.1%-89.3%) of the U.S. population. The estimate for males was 84.1% (CI: 81.2%-86.9%) and for females was 89.4% (95% CI: 86.9%-91.8%). The HIV diagnosis rate for 2013 was 5.2 per 100,000 heterosexuals and the rate of persons living with diagnosed HIV infection in 2012was 104 per 100,000 heterosexuals aged 13 years or older. Rates of HIV infection were >20 times as high among black heterosexuals compared to white heterosexuals, indicating considerable disparity. Rates among heterosexual men demonstrated higher disparities than overall population rates for men. The best available data must be used to guide decision-making for HIV prevention. HIV rates among heterosexuals in the U.S. are important additions to cost effectiveness and other data used to make critical decisions about resources for prevention of HIV infection.