Tracking the evolution of warning signals
Tracking the evolution of warning signals
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DOI：
10.1038/382708a0
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发表时间：
1996-08-22
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Mappes, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alatalo, RV;Mappes, J
进化论研究受到缺乏实验方法来测试过去事件的阻碍，例如警戒症的起源（1-7），其中难吃或有毒的猎物通常通过警告性的颜色来表示它们的不可盈利性，缺乏经验的捕食者确实学会避免这些信号的结果（8-10），但除此之外，当常见或明显的警告信号明显时，可能存在遗传的对攻击的谨慎性（11-16）。由于当前的捕食者在进化意义上并不幼稚，因此仍然没有解决（3- 7，17，18）是否警戒性仅起源于猎物的聚集（19，20）或也起源于单独的猎物（21-23）。在这里，我们通过创造一个新的世界，用环境中没有的警告信号来探索进化上幼稚的捕食者的这一争议。最初，猎物的聚集有利于警告信号，支持费舍尔的观点（24）亲属聚集是警戒主义的进化起点，然而，一旦捕食者经历了警告信号，预先存在的回避似乎促进了穆勒模仿复合体的进化（25），即使在孤独的猎物中也有类似类型的信号。
EVOLUTIONARY studies are hampered by a lack of experimental ways in which to test past events such as the origination of aposematism(1-7), whereby unpalatable or poisonous prey signal their unprofitability, often by being warningly coloured, Inexperienced predators do learn to avoid unpalatable prey as a result of such signals(8-10), hut in addition there may be an inherited cautiousness about attacking when common or conspicuous warning signals are evident(11-16). As current predators are not naive in the evolutionary sense, it is still not resolved(3-7,17,18) whether aposematism originated only in aggregations of prey(19,20) or among solitary prey as well(21-23). Here we explore this controversy in evolutionarily naive predators by creating a novel world with warning signals not found in the environment. Initially, the aggregation of prey favoured the warning signals supporting Fisher's view(24) of kin aggregations as the evolutionary starting point of aposematism, However, once predators had experienced warning signals, pre-existing avoidance seemed to facilitate evolution of Mullerian mimicry complexes(25) with similar types of signals even among solitary prey.