Clownfish hosting anemones (Anthozoa, Actiniaria) of the Red Sea: new associations and distributions, historical misidentifications, and morphological variability
Clownfish hosting anemones (Anthozoa, Actiniaria) of the Red Sea: new associations and distributions, historical misidentifications, and morphological variability
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DOI：
10.1186/s41200-021-00216-6
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发表时间：
2021-11-25
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Berumen, Michael L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bennett-Smith, Morgan F.;Majoris, John E.;Berumen, Michael L.
背景资料：红海包含数千公里的边缘珊瑚礁系统，由小丑鱼和海葵居住，但对于居住在该地区的宿主海葵物种的多样性没有达成共识。结果：在从沙特阿拉伯北方红海到亚丁湾的1600 km海岸线上共进行了73次调查，共发现7种海葵，其中6种为双齿双锯海葵的寄主。二带的我们修改了A的共生体列表。bicinctus包括Stichodactyla haddoni（Saville-Kent，1893）和Stichodactyla mertensii Brandt，1835，这两种动物都在多个地区观察到。我们描述了红海的表型变异Heteractis crispa（Hemprich和Escherberg在Escherberg，1834年）和Heteractis aurora（Quoy和Gaimard，1833年），这可能表明这些物种在该地区杂交。虽然红海是该物种的模式产地，但我们没有遇到Stichodactyla rectea（Forsskal，1775）。此外，对同行评审文献、发生记录和错误识别的记录报告基础的全面审查可追溯到世纪早期，表明S。结论：本研究为红海海葵的寄主鉴别提供了新的依据，修正了海葵的寄主特异性。bicinctus，并对S.印度洋的中部和西部都有分布。
Background: The Red Sea contains thousands of kilometers of fringing reef systems inhabited by clownfish and sea anemones, yet there is no consensus regarding the diversity of host anemone species that inhabit this region. We sought to clarify a historical record and recent literature sources that disagree on the diversity of host anemone species in the Red Sea, which contains one endemic anemonefish, Amphiprion bicinctus Ruppell 1830.Results: We conducted 73 surveys spanning similar to 1600 km of coastline from the northern Saudi Arabian Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and encountered seven species of host anemones, six of which hosted A. bicinctus. We revise the list of symbionts for A. bicinctus to include Stichodactyla haddoni (Saville-Kent, 1893) and Stichodactyla mertensii Brandt, 1835 which were both observed in multiple regions. We describe Red Sea phenotypic variability in Heteractis crispa (Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1834) and Heteractis aurora (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833), which may indicate that these species hybridize in this region. We did not encounter Stichodactyla gigantea (Forsskal, 1775), although the Red Sea is the type locality for this species. Further, a thorough review of peer-reviewed literature, occurrence records, and misidentified basis of record reports dating back to the early twentieth century indicate that it is unlikely that S. gigantea occurs in the Red Sea.Conclusions: In sum, we present a new guide for the host anemones of the Red Sea, revise the host specificity of A. bicinctus, and question whether S. gigantea occurs in the central and western Indian Ocean.