Evolution of resistance to transgenic crops: interactions between insect movement and field distribution.
Evolution of resistance to transgenic crops: interactions between insect movement and field distribution.
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DOI：
10.1093/jee/98.6.1751
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发表时间：
2005-12
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
M. Sisterson;Y. Carrière;T. Dennehy;B. Tabashnik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Sisterson;Y. Carrière;T. Dennehy;B. Tabashnik
避难所策略旨在延缓害虫对产生苏云金芽孢杆菌柏林 (Bt) 毒素的转基因作物的抗性进化。昆虫在 Bt 作物和非 Bt 作物避难所之间的移动对于避难所策略至关重要，因为它增加了抗性成虫与避难所中易感成虫交配的机会。关于延迟阻力的最佳运动水平的结论在之前的建模研究中并不一致。为了阐明运动对抗性进化的影响，我们分析了空间显式模型的模拟，该模型部分基于粉红铃虫、Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) 与 Bt 棉花的相互作用。我们在 12 组关于 Bt 棉花相对丰度（50% 和 75%）、Bt 棉花和避难田的时间分布（固定、部分轮作和完全轮作）以及田地空间分布（随机和均匀）的假设下，研究了抗性进化作为昆虫运动的函数。结果表明，避难所和 Bt 棉田的相对丰度和分布之间的相互作用可以改变运动对抗性进化的影响。结果还表明，先前研究结论的差异可以通过对避难所和 Bt 作物田的相对丰度和分布的假设差异来解释。由于田地位置固定，且所有 Bt 棉田都毗邻至少一个避难所，因此抵抗力发展最慢，流动性也较低。然而，当一些 Bt 作物田地与避难所隔离时，低移动性和固定的田地位置有利于抗性的快速进化。当避难所和 Bt 棉田每年轮作相反的作物类型时，抗性进化得最快且移动量较小。无论运动速度如何，抵抗的非隐性遗传都会导致抵抗的快速演变。这里描述的结果证实了之前的报告，表明通过固定田间位置和均匀分布避难所以确保 Bt 作物田地不与避难所隔离，可以有效延迟抗性。然而，轮作田可以更好地控制昆虫并减少对杀虫剂喷雾的需求。
The refuge strategy is designed to delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxins. Movement of insects between Bt crops and refuges of non-Bt crops is essential for the refuge strategy because it increases chances that resistant adults mate with susceptible adults from refuges. Conclusions about optimal levels of movement for delaying resistance are not consistent among previous modeling studies. To clarify the effects of movement on resistance evolution, we analyzed simulations of a spatially explicit model based partly on the interaction of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), with Bt cotton. We examined resistance evolution as a function of insect movement under 12 sets of assumptions about the relative abundance of Bt cotton (50 and 75%), temporal distribution of Bt cotton and refuge fields (fixed, partial rotation, and full rotation), and spatial distribution of fields (random and uniform). The results show that interactions among the relative abundance and distribution of refuges and Bt cotton fields can alter the effects of movement on resistance evolution. The results also suggest that differences in conclusions among previous studies can be explained by differences in assumptions about the relative abundance and distribution of refuges and Bt crop fields. With fixed field locations and all Bt cotton fields adjacent to at least one refuge, resistance evolved slowest with low movement. However, low movement and fixed field locations favored rapid resistance evolution when some Bt crop fields were isolated from refuges. When refuges and Bt cotton fields were rotated to the opposite crop type each year, resistance evolved fastest with low movement. Nonrecessive inheritance of resistance caused rapid resistanceevolution regardless of movement rate. Confirming previous reports, results described here show that resistance can be delayed effectively by fixing field locations and distributing refuges uniformly to ensure that Bt crop fields are not isolated from refuges. However, rotating fields provided better insect control and reduced the need for insecticide sprays.