Mitigating residential exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke
Mitigating residential exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.017
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Nazaroff, William W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klepeis, Neil E.;Nazaroff, William W.
在一篇配套论文中，我们使用了一个模拟模型来探索住宅中典型条件下二手烟草烟雾（SHS）暴露。在本文中，我们扩展了这一分析，以评估物理缓解方法在减少非吸烟者在假设的6区房屋中暴露于空气中SHS颗粒物质方面的有效性。调查的措施包括针对吸烟活动关闭门或打开窗户，改变位置模式以隔离非吸烟者和活跃吸烟者，以及操作颗粒过滤装置。我们首先使用假设的居住者位置模式进行了24次脚本模拟试验。然后，我们使用从美国家庭人类活动模式调查中选择的1000多对非吸烟者和吸烟者的时间-位置模式，在25个缓解方案中进行了队列模拟试验。我们将队列配对限制为每天在家室内吸烟超过10支香烟，而不吸烟者每天在家的时间超过三分之二的病例。我们通过检查每种缓解方法对模拟住宅SHS颗粒暴露频率分布的影响，评估了每种缓解方法的有效性。两个最有效的策略是把吸烟者隔离在一个封闭的房间里，打开窗户，以及禁止不吸烟者在家时吸烟。使用开窗提供局部或交叉通风，或在吸烟室内操作便携式过滤装置，可适度减少暴露。关门本身是没有效果的。(c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
In a companion paper, we used a simulation model to explore secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposures for typical conditions in residences. In the current paper, we extend this analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of physical mitigation approaches in reducing nonsmokers' exposure to airborne SHS particulate matter in a hypothetical 6-zone house. Measures investigated included closing doors or opening windows in response to smoking activity, modifying location patterns to segregate the nonsmoker and the active smoker, and operating particle filtration devices. We first performed 24 scripted simulation trials using hypothetical patterns of occupant location. We then performed cohort simulation trials across 25 mitigation scenarios using over 1000 pairs of nonsmoker and smoker time-location patterns that were selected from a survey of human activity patterns in US homes. We limited cohort pairs to cases where more than 10 cigarettes were smoked indoors at home each day and the nonsmoker was at home for more than two thirds of the day. We evaluated the effectiveness of each mitigation approach by examining its impact on the simulated frequency distribution of residential SHS particle exposure. The two most effective strategies were the isolation of the smoker in a closed room with an open window, and a ban on smoking whenever the nonsmoker was at home. The use of open windows to supply local or cross ventilation, or the operation of portable filtration devices in smoking rooms, provided moderate exposure reductions. Closed doors, by themselves, were not effective. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.