ACCURACY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS ON DAYS 10 TO 22 IN HEIFERS
ACCURACY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS ON DAYS 10 TO 22 IN HEIFERS
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DOI：
10.1016/0093-691x(89)90026-5
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发表时间：
1989-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
GINTHER, OJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KASTELIC, JP;CURRAN, S;GINTHER, OJ
在第10、12、14、16、18、20和22天，两名操作员独立对未产荷斯坦小母牛进行超声妊娠检查，并指定诊断（妊娠或未妊娠）和诊断确定度评分（1、2或3分别表示低、中或高）。在20/25头配种小母牛中，通过第24天超声检测胚胎固有和胚胎心跳回顾性确认妊娠;从分析中排除5头未妊娠小母牛。纳入11头非繁殖小母牛作为非妊娠小母牛的明确来源。在第18天之前，准确度并不显著高于猜测（50%），但在第20天和第22天达到100%。未妊娠小母牛的平均准确度（65/77，84%）高于妊娠小母牛（91.5/140，65%）（P < 0.005）。对于确定性评分，主要影响因素为日期（P < 0.0001）、生殖状态（妊娠或非妊娠，P < 0.003）以及日期和生殖状态的交互作用（P < 0.0001）。所有小母牛的确定性评分在几天内增加，并且在第16 - 20天妊娠小母牛的确定性评分高于非妊娠小母牛（P < 0.05）。对于黄体面积（黄体面积，不包括液体填充中心的面积，如果存在），有显着的主要影响的天，生殖状态和状态交互作用的天（P < 0.0001）。妊娠小母牛的黄体面积大致恒定，但非妊娠小母牛在第16 - 22天的黄体面积低于第10 - 14天（P < 0.05）。子宫回声质地评分为1 - 3分，分别代表间情期、中间期和发情期子宫的特征。日龄和生殖状态是主效应（P < 0.0001），日龄和生殖状态存在交互作用（P < 0.025）。妊娠小母牛的子宫回声质地大致恒定，但未妊娠小母牛在第16 - 22天的子宫回声质地高于第10 - 14天（P < 0.05）。第10 - 14天的妊娠诊断基于孕体检测;然而，在胚胎本身可视化之前，孕体检测不准确（平均第22天，范围第20 - 24天）。在未怀孕的小母牛中，当检测到小黄体和发情期子宫回声特征时，可以做出高度确定的正确诊断。在第18 - 22天没有这些变化的情况下，以高准确度和中等或高确定性诊断妊娠。
Two operators independently conducted ultrasonic pregnancy examination on nulliparous Holstein heifers on Days 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22, and assigned a diagnosis (pregnant or nonpregnant) and a score for degree of certainty in the diagnosis (1, 2 or 3 for low, intermediate or high, respectively). Pregnancy was retrospectively confirmed by the ultrasonographic detection of an embryo proper and embryonic heartbeat on Day 24 in 20/25 bred heifers; the five nonpregnant heifers were excluded from the analyses. Eleven nonbred heifers were included as an unequivocal source of nonpregnant heifers. Accuracy was not significantly greater than a guess (50%) before Day 18, but reached 100% on Days 20 and 22. Mean accuracy was higher (P < 0.005) for nonpregnant (65/77, 84%) than pregnant heifers (91.5/140, 65%). For certainty score, there were main effects of day (P < 0.0001), reproductive status (pregnant or nonpregnant, P < 0.003), and an interaction of day and reproductive status (P < 0.0001). The certainty score increased in all heifers among days and was higher (P < 0.05) in pregnant than nonpregnant heifers on Days 16 to 20. For luteal area (area of corpus luteum, excluding area of fluid filled center, if present), there were significant main effects of day, reproductive status and a day by status interaction (P < 0.0001 for each). Luteal area was approximately constant in pregnant heifers, but in nonpregnant heifers it was lower (P < 0.05) on Days 16 to 22 than on Days 10 to 14. Uterine echotexture was scored on a scale of 1 to 3, characteristic of a diestrus, intermediate and estrus uterus, respectively. There were main effects of day and reproductive status (P < 0.0001 for each) and an interaction of day and reproductive status (P < 0.025). Uterine echotexture was approximately constant in pregnant heifers, but in nonpregnant heifers it was higher (P < 0.05) on Days 16 to 22 than on Days 10 to 14. Pregnancy diagnosis on Days 10 to 14 was based on detection of the conceptus; however, detection of the conceptus was not accurate prior to visualization of the embryo proper (mean Day 22, range Days 20 to 24). In nonpregnant heifers, a correct diagnosis with high certainty was made when a small corpus luteum and uterine echotexture characteristic of estrus were detected. In the absence of these changes on Days 18 to 22, a diagnosis of pregnancy was made with high accuracy and intermediate or high certainty.