Avoiding Pitfalls in Fault-Injection Based Comparison of Program Susceptibility to Soft Errors
Avoiding Pitfalls in Fault-Injection Based Comparison of Program Susceptibility to Soft Errors
复制标题
避免基于故障注入的程序对软错误的敏感性比较中的陷阱
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Spinczyk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Horst Schirmeier;C. Borchert;O. Spinczyk
自从首次发现存储器电路中软错误的物理原因以来，故障注入（FI）已经发展成为评估计算机系统故障恢复能力的标准方法。各种FI技术试图模仿这些物理原因已被开发来衡量和比较程序的敏感性软错误。在本文中，我们分析了评估程序的过程中，这是硬化的基于软件的硬件容错机制，在一个均匀分布的软错误模型。我们确定了三个陷阱FI结果解释广泛的文献中，甚至在著名的会议论文集发表。使用一个简单的机器模型和内存中的瞬时单位故障，我们找到了反例，揭示了该领域的常见做法的不适应，并证实了我们的研究结果与现实世界的例子。特别是，我们证明，故障覆盖率度量必须废除比较程序。相反，我们建议使用外推的绝对故障计数作为一个有效的比较指标。
Since the first identification of physical causes for soft errors in memory circuits, fault injection (FI) has grown into a standard methodology to assess the fault resilience of computer systems. A variety of FI techniques trying to mimic these physical causes has been developed to measure and compare program susceptibility to soft errors. In this paper, we analyze the process of evaluating programs, which are hardened by software-based hardware fault-tolerance mechanisms, under a uniformly distributed soft-error model. We identify three pitfalls in FI result interpretation widespread in the literature, even published in renowned conference proceedings. Using a simple machine model and transient single-bit faults in memory, we find counterexamples that reveal the unfitness of common practices in the field, and substantiate our findings with real-world examples. In particular, we demonstrate that the fault coverage metric must be abolished for comparing programs. Instead, we propose to use extrapolated absolute failure counts as a valid comparison metric.