Double Palladium Catalyzed Reductive Cyclizations. Synthesis of 2,2′-, 2,3′-, and 3,3′-Bi-1H-indoles, Indolo[3,2-b]indoles, and Indolo[2,3-b]indoles

Double Palladium Catalyzed Reductive Cyclizations. Synthesis of 2,2′-, 2,3′-, and 3,3′-Bi-1H-indoles, Indolo[3,2-b]indoles, and Indolo[2,3-b]indoles
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.6b01987
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发表时间:
2016-10-07
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Soderberg, Bjorn C. G.
Soderberg, Bjorn C. G.
中科院分区:
化学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ansari, Nurul H.;Dacko, Christopher A.;Soderberg, Bjorn C. G.

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研究了1,4-、1,3-和2,3-二(2-硝基芳基)-1,3-丁二烯在钯催化下,一氧化碳催化的双还原环化反应,分别合成了2,2‘-,2,3’-和3,3‘-联吲哚。相反,1,2-二(2-硝基芳基)乙烯的还原环化反应是非选择性的,得到了单环化吲哚、吲哚[3,2-b]吲哚、吲哚[1,2-c]喹唑啉-6(5H)-酮和5,11-二氢-6H-吲哚[3,2-c]喹啉-6-酮的混合物。1,1-二(2-硝基芳基)乙烯还原环化生成吲哚[2,3-b]吲哚和吲哚[2,3-c]喹啉-6-酮也可观察到非选择性产物的形成。从1,1-或1,2-二(2-硝基芳基)乙烯开始的主要或唯一的反应路径是一氧化碳插入反应生成的含有羰基的产物。
A palladium catalyzed, carbon monoxide mediated, double reductive cyclization of 1,4-, 1,3-, and 2,3-bis(2-nitroaryl)-1,3-butadienes to afford 2,2'-, 2,3'-, and 3,3'-biindoles, respectively, was developed. In contrast, reductive cyclizations of 1,2-bis(2-nitroaryl)ethenes were nonselective, affording mixtures of monocyclized indoles, indolo[3,2-b]indole, indolo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6(5H)-ones, and 5,11-dihydro-6H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-6-ones. Nonselective product formation was also observed from reductive cyclization of 1,1-bis(2-nitroaryl)ethenes, producing indolo[2,3-b]indoles and indolo[2,3-c]quinolin-6-ones. Carbon monoxide insertion to give the carbonyl containing products was the major or sole reaction path starting from 1,1- or 1,2-bis(2-nitroaryl)ethenes.