Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential.
Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13567-017-0442-5
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发表时间：
2017-06-24
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Lee JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hajam IA;Dar PA;Won G;Lee JH
细菌幽灵(BG)是一种来源于革兰氏阴性细菌的空细胞包膜。它们含有许多先天免疫刺激激动剂，是参与先天免疫和获得性免疫的多种细胞类型的有效激活剂。一些重要的研究已经证明了BG作为佐剂的有效性，以及它们通过一系列免疫和非免疫细胞类型诱导促炎细胞因子产生的能力。这些致炎细胞因子可触发T和B淋巴细胞向淋巴结的广泛募集，从而最大限度地增加与其同源抗原相遇的机会，并随后激发有效的免疫反应。BG的可塑性使其能够以免疫活性形式产生包膜结合的外来抗原，并已在动物模型中被证明是有效的疫苗。除了它们的佐剂特性外，BG还能有效地将DNA编码的抗原传递给树突状细胞，从而导致高转染率，从而导致更高的基因表达和提高DNA疫苗的免疫原性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们对BG与宿主免疫系统相互作用的理解，以及BG作为佐剂和递送系统的开发，并提出了未来研究的重要领域。
Bacterial ghosts (BG) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria. They contain many innate immunostimulatory agonists, and are potent activators of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Several considerable studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of BG as adjuvants as well as their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine production by a range of immune and non-immune cell types. These proinflammatory cytokines trigger a generalized recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to lymph nodes that maximize the chances of encounter with their cognate antigen, and subsequent elicitation of potent immune responses. The plasticity of BG has allowed for the generation of envelope-bound foreign antigens in immunologically active forms that have proven to be effective vaccines in animal models. Besides their adjuvant property, BG also effectively deliver DNA-encoded antigens to dendritic cells, thereby leading to high transfection efficiencies, which subsequently result in higher gene expressions and improved immunogenicity of DNA-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize our understanding of BG interactions with the host immune system, their exploitation as an adjuvant and a delivery system, and address important areas of future research interest.