Some observations on the ultrastructure and morphogenesis of photoreceptors.
Some observations on the ultrastructure and morphogenesis of photoreceptors.
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关于光感受器的超微结构和形态发生的一些观察。
DOI：
10.1085/jgp.43.6.1
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发表时间：
1960-07
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脊椎动物视网膜的光感受器是具有双重功能的高度分化的细胞。它们在外层充当光的接收器，在最内层充当产生的信息的发射器。在形态学上，它们可以被认为是具有高度亚显微组织和特殊分化部分的神经细胞。因此，在远段有一个参与光化学机制的脂蛋白膜系统，在近端有一个特殊的突触连接，其精细结构在不同的生理条件下发生变化（De Robertis，1958）。它们是非常细长的细胞，有许多微米长，它们沿轴呈沿着室状排列，这不仅与其精细结构有关，而且与其化学组织有关。因此，视色素仅定位于外节，氧化磷酸化和克雷布斯循环的酶主要分布在内节的远端部分，其中线粒体集中在所谓的椭圆体处（文本-图1）。
The photoreceptors of the vertebrate retina are highly differentiated cells having a dual function. They act as receptors of light at the outer segment and as transmitters of the resulting message at their innermost end. Morphologically they can be considered as nerve cells having a high degree of submicroscopic organization and specially differentiated portions. Thus, at the distal segment there is a system of lipoprotein membranes involved in photochemical mechanisms and at the proximal end a special synaptic junction whose fine structure changes in different physiological conditions (De Robertis, 1958).Another characteristic of the visual cells is the separation of the cytoplasm into definite segments. Being very elongated cells many micra long, they show a compartmental arrangement along the axis which refers not only to its fine structure, but also to its chemical organization. Thus the visual pigments are exclusively localized in the outer segment and the enzymes of the oxidative phosphorylation and the Krebs cycle are mainly distributed in the distal part of the inner segment where mitochondria are concentrated at the so called ellipsoid (Text-fig. 1).