Do speakers and listeners observe the Gricean Maxim of Quantity?
Do speakers and listeners observe the Gricean Maxim of Quantity?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2005.12.009
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Ferreira, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Engelhardt, PE;Bailey, KGD;Ferreira, F
古希腊数量格言被认为支配着语言表现。讲话者被认为提供了尽可能多的信息来识别指称物，而听众则被认为期望得到明确而简洁的描述。在三个实验中，我们检验了天真的参与者对数量准则的敏感程度。第一个是生产实验，表明说话者在三分之一的时间里过度描述。第二个实验表明，听众并不认为过度描述比简洁的表达更糟糕。第三个实验使用视觉世界范式来评估听者对过度描述话语的瞬间解读。最后一个实验表明，过度描述会引发眼球运动，这可能被解释为表示困惑。结果支持使用简单的启发式方法（如Minimal Attachment或Argument Saturation）来创建初始解析。我们的结论是，人们只是适度的素食主义者。(c) 2006爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
The Gricean Maxim of Quantity is believed to govern linguistic performance. Speakers are assumed to provide as much information as required for referent identification and no more, and listeners are believed to expect unambiguous but concise descriptions. In three experiments we examined the extent to which naive participants are sensitive to the Maxim of Quantity. The first was a production experiment which demonstrated that speakers over-describe almost one third of the time. The second experiment showed that listeners do not judge over-descriptions to be any worse than concise expressions. The third experiment used the Visual World Paradigm to assess listeners' moment-by-moment interpretations of over-described utterances. This last experiment revealed that over-descriptions trigger eye movements that can be interpreted as indicating confusion. The results provide support for the use of a simple heuristic such as Minimal Attachment or Argument Saturation to create an initial parse. We conclude that people are only moderately Gricean. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.