Behavioral Diversity Across Classic Rodent Models Is Sex-Dependent
Behavioral Diversity Across Classic Rodent Models Is Sex-Dependent
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00045
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发表时间：
2019-03-06
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Shansky, Rebecca M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Colom-Lapetina, Jose;Li, Anna J.;Shansky, Rebecca M.
创伤和应激源相关障碍（如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD））的症状通常在创伤经历发生后发展良好，因此识别风险或恢复力的早期预测因子对于实施介入治疗很重要。例如，被动的应对策略，如紧张性不动和创伤周围的分离在创伤本身的发展是创伤后应激障碍的危险因素，特别是在妇女。然而，在动物模型中预测后期结果的离散的、性别特异性的应对反应还没有被严格定义。最近，我们确定了一个积极的，逃避样的反应，主要表现为一个子集的雌性大鼠在一个经典的听觉恐惧条件反射任务（“飞镖”）。在这里，我们询问在条件反射期间的冲刺是否预测了在单次强迫游泳（SFS）会话中的主动响应，以研究冲刺反映跨压力模型翻译的特质样行为策略的潜力。雄性和雌性SD大鼠进行听觉恐惧条件获得和记忆测试以识别Darters，然后在2周后进行15分钟的SFS。我们观察到一个显着的影响，性别条件冻结行为，男性表现出更大的冻结比女性在调节和测试试验相比，女性。然而，女性表现出更高的速度在响应冲击介绍，更有可能表现出飞镖行为在响应条件刺激（CS）。在SFS措施，女性从事积极的行为，如攀登，摇头，潜水的比例比男性更大，而男性花更多的时间在整个测试不动。尽管女性表现出更多样化的行为剧目在这两个测试中，飞镖没有不同的非飞镖在任何SFS措施。这些结果表明，飞镖的倾向并不反映简单的多动症，尽管两个测试的概念重叠（不可避免的压力暴露和测量主动与被动应对的能力），每个动物个体参与的行为策略可能是由离散的机制驱动的。我们讨论了在解释标准的行为结果在经典的模型在不同性别的潜在挑战，并考虑了潜在的需要，更好地挖掘到女性的动机状态的新模型。
Symptoms of trauma and stressor related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often develop well after the traumatic experience has occurred, and so identifying early predictors of risk or resilience is important for the implementation of interventional therapies. For example, passive coping strategies such as tonic immobility and peritraumatic dissociation during the trauma itself are risk factors for the developments of PTSD, especially in women. However, discrete, sex-specific coping responses that predict later outcomes in animal models have not been rigorously defined. Recently, we identified an active, escape-like response exhibited primarily by a subset of female rats in a classic auditory fear conditioning task ("darting"). Here, we asked whether darting during conditioning predicted active responding in a single forced swim (SFS) session to study the potential for darting to reflect a trait-like behavioral strategy that translated across stress models. Male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were tested in auditory fear conditioning acquisition and memory tests to identify Darters, and then a 15-min SFS 2 weeks later. We observed a significant effect of sex in conditioned freezing behavior, with males exhibiting greater freezing than females across conditioning and testing trials in comparison to females. However, females demonstrated higher velocities in response to shock presentations, and were more likely to exhibit darting behavior in response to the conditioned stimulus (CS). In SFS measures, females engaged in active behaviors such as climbing, head shaking, and diving in greater proportions than males, while males spent more time immobile throughout testing. Despite females exhibiting a more diverse behavioral repertoire in both tests, Darters did not differ from Non-darters in any SFS measure. These results suggest that the propensity to dart does not reflect a simple hyperactivity, and that despite conceptual overlap across the two tests (inescapable stress exposure and the ability to measure active vs. passive coping), the behavioral strategies engaged by an individual animal in each are likely driven by discrete mechanisms. We discuss potential challenges in interpretation of standard behavioral outcomes in classic models across the sexes, and consider the potential need for novel models that better tap into motivational states in females.