Foraging Behavior and Resource Partitioning by Diving Birds During Winter in Areas of Strong Tidal Currents
Foraging Behavior and Resource Partitioning by Diving Birds During Winter in Areas of Strong Tidal Currents
复制标题
强潮汐区冬季潜水鸟类的觅食行为和资源分配
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Burger
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文献类型：
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作者：
Kathryn J. Holm;A. Burger
摘要本文对加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华岛南部潮汐活跃的近岸海域越冬的21种潜水鸟的分布和行为进行了调查。使用船舶调查在一个网站和陆基观测在第二个网站，我们发现显着的差异，在使用受潮汐影响的水类型之间和三个觅食公会（食鱼动物，浮游生物和底栖无脊椎动物捕食者）和五个家庭（Gaviidae，Podicipedidae，Phalacrocoracidae，鸭科，Alcandae）。唯一丰富的浮游生物捕食者是古代Murrelets（Synthliboramphus antiquus），它在具有快速潮流和湍流的深水（>10 m）区域比其他鸟类觅食更频繁。它们的丰度和潜水活动显着高于在最大潮流比在平潮。食鱼动物在很大的深度范围内使用静水和中等水流，但除了海雀和远洋鸬鹚（Phalacrocorax pelagicus），避免了高水流和湍流的区域。鸽子海鸠（Cepphus columba）有较高的丰度在潮汐阶段的最大电流，并在一个通道内，强大的潮汐流，他们表现出重复的上游航班穿插下游潜水回合。以鱼为食的秋沙鸭和大多数以底栖无脊椎动物为食的潜水鸭在相对较浅（<10米）的静水中觅食，避免湍流。随着潮汐在松弛和最大水流之间变化，代表所有三个公会的六个物种在深度类别的使用上表现出变化，四个物种在不同的深度类别中改变了它们的行为。虽然有相当大的重叠觅食的生态位，在分布和行为的公会，家庭和潜水鸟类的种类的差异表明一定程度的潮汐驱动的水类在冬季的资源分区。
Abstract We investigated the distribution and behavior of 21 species of diving birds wintering in tidally active nearshore ocean off southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Using vessel surveys in one site and land-based observations at a second site, we found significant differences in the use of tidally affected water types among and within three foraging guilds (piscivores, plankton feeders and benthic invertebrate predators) and five families (Gaviidae, Podicipedidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anatidae, Alcidae). The only abundant plankton feeder, Ancient Murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiquus), foraged more frequently than other birds in areas of deeper water (>10 m) with fast tidal flow and turbulence. Their abundance and diving activity were significantly higher at maximum tide flow than at slack tides. Piscivores used both slack water and moderate currents in a wide range of depths but, apart from alcids and Pelagic Cormorants (Phalacrocorax pelagicus), avoided areas of high current and turbulence. Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columba) had higher abundance at tide phases with maximum current, and within a channel with strong tidal flow they showed repetitive upstream flights interspersed with downstream diving bouts. Fish-eating mergansers and most diving ducks taking benthic invertebrates foraged in relatively shallow (<10 m) and slack water, and avoided turbulence. Six species representing all three guilds showed changes in the use of depth categories as tides changed between slack and maximum current, and four species changed their behavior in different depth categories. Although there was considerable overlap in foraging niches, the differences in distribution and behavior of guilds, families, and species of diving birds indicate a degree of resource partitioning within tidally-driven water categories during winter.