Left-right patterning in Xenopus conjoined twin embryos requires serotonin signaling and gap junctions.
Left-right patterning in Xenopus conjoined twin embryos requires serotonin signaling and gap junctions.
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DOI：
10.1387/ijdb.140215ml
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发表时间：
2014
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--
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在非洲爪蟾发育过程中，第一次细胞分裂过程中的许多过程使左右（LR）轴能够一致地定向。先前的工作表明，在卵裂阶段后的青蛙胚胎中诱导的次级组织者（即由异位诱导的主轴产生的连体双胞胎）只有在初级（早期）组织者也存在时才能正确地图案化它们自己的LR轴。这种指导性的效果证实了独特的LR图案功能，发生在早期胚胎发育过程中，但留下了开放的问题：哪些机制，在早期阶段的运作也参与了后来诱导的组织者的方向？我们试图区分两个阶段的LR图案在次级组织者（LR图案的主要双胞胎和后来的转移，这一信息的次级双胞胎），通过扰动后一个过程。在这里，我们使用的试剂，不影响初级LR图案的时候，二级组织者的形式，以抑制每一个诱导双胞胎的4种机制。使用药理学，分子遗传学，和光化学工具，我们表明，β-胡萝卜素能和缝隙连接信号，但不是质子或钾流，所需的二级组织者，以适当的模式，其LR轴在多细胞环境。我们还表明，一致不对称的基因表达开始前睫状流。总之，我们的数据突出了生理信号的重要性，在传播裂解衍生LR方向多细胞细胞领域。
A number of processes operating during the first cell cleavages enable the left-right (LR) axis to be consistently oriented during Xenopus laevis development. Prior work showed that secondary organizers induced in frog embryos after cleavage stages (i.e. conjoined twins arising from ectopic induced primary axes) correctly pattern their own LR axis only when a primary (early) organizer is also present. This instructive effect confirms the unique LR patterning functions that occur during early embryogenesis, but leaves open the question: which mechanisms that operate during early stages are also involved in the orientation of later-induced organizers? We sought to distinguish the two phases of LR patterning in secondary organizers (LR patterning of the primary twin and the later transfer of this information to the secondary twin) by perturbing only the latter process. Here, we used reagents that do not affect primary LR patterning at the time secondary organizers form to inhibit each of 4 mechanisms in the induced twin. Using pharmacological, molecular-genetic, and photo-chemical tools, we show that serotonergic and gap-junctional signaling, but not proton or potassium flows, are required for the secondary organizer to appropriately pattern its LR axis in a multicellular context. We also show that consistently-asymmetric gene expression begins prior to ciliary flow. Together, our data highlight the importance of physiological signaling in the propagation of cleavage-derived LR orientation to multicellular cell fields.
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