CREATIVITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY - A STUDY OF 291 WORLD-FAMOUS MEN
CREATIVITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY - A STUDY OF 291 WORLD-FAMOUS MEN
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DOI：
10.1192/bjp.165.1.22
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发表时间：
1994-07-01
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
POST, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
POST, F
背景。这项调查旨在确定杰出创造力人士中各种精神病理学的患病率，并检验一个假设，即在那些取得并保持世界地位的杰出创造力人士中，不会发现精神异常的高患病率。方法。对291名科学、思想、政治、艺术领域著名人士的家庭背景、身体健康、性格、性心理和心理健康进行了调查。科学家和发明家、思想家和学者、政治家和国家领导人、画家和雕塑家、作曲家、小说家和剧作家这六个系列的成员是由是否有足够充分的传记决定的。适当时，根据 DSM-III-R 标准将提取的数据转化为诊断。结果。他们的出色表现不仅在于他们的能力和独创性，还在于他们的干劲、毅力、勤奋和细致。除了少数例外，这些男人情感热情，具有友谊和社交的天赋。大多数人都有不寻常的性格特征，此外，轻微的“神经质”异常可能比一般人群更常见。只有视觉艺术家和作家才会出现严重的性格偏差。功能性精神病可能不像精神病学流行病学所显示的那么常见，而且完全局限于情感类型。在其他功能障碍中，只有抑郁症、酗酒和性心理问题（不太可靠）在某些专业类别中比预期更普遍，但在作家中尤为明显。结论。在世的艺术家和作家也有类似的发现，这表明某些病态人格特征以及抑郁和酗酒的倾向与某些有价值的创造力存在因果关系。
Background. This investigation sought to determine the prevalences of various psychopathologies in outstandingly creative individuals, and to test a hypothesis that the high prevalence of mental abnormalities reported in prominent living creative persons would not be found in those who had achieved and retained world status.Method. The family background, physical health, personality, psychosexuality and mental health of 291 famous men in science, thought, politics, and art were investigated. The membership of the six series of scientists and inventors, thinkers and scholars, statesmen and national leaders, painters and sculptors, composers, and of novelists and playwrights was determined by the availability of sufficiently adequate biographies. Extracted data were transformed into diagnoses in accordance with DSM-III-R criteria, when appropriate.Results. All excelled not only by virtue of their abilities and originality, but also of their drive, perseverance, industry, and meticulousness. With a few exceptions, these men were emotionally warm, with a gift for friendship and sociability. Most had unusual personality characteristics and, in addition, minor 'neurotic' abnormalities were probably more common than in the general population. Severe personality deviations were unduly frequent only in the case of visual artists and writers. Functional psychoses were probably less frequent than psychiatric epidemiology would suggest, and they were entirely restricted to the affective varieties. Among other functional disorders, only depressive conditions, alcoholism, and, less reliably, psychosexual problems were more prevalent than expected in some professional categories, but strikingly so in writers.Conclusions. Similar findings have been reported for living artists and writers, and this suggests that certain pathological personality characteristics, as well as tendencies towards depression and alcoholism, are causally linked to some kinds of valuable creativity.