The confidence-accuracy relationship in eyewitness identification: Effects of lineup instructions, foil similarity, and target-absent base rates
The confidence-accuracy relationship in eyewitness identification: Effects of lineup instructions, foil similarity, and target-absent base rates
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DOI：
10.1037/1076-898x.12.1.11
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Wells, GL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brewer, N;Wells, GL
辨别目击者的准确身份和错误身份是刑事司法系统面临的一个主要问题。这项研究使用置信度-准确度(CA)校准方法研究了目击者的信心在各种条件下是否有助于做出这样的决定。参与者(N=1,200)观看了模拟犯罪，并试图从有目标或无目标的8人阵容中辨认出2个不同的身份。在所有条件下，对两个目标的选择者(但不是非选择者)的置信度和准确性进行了校准。较低的过度自信与较高的诊断率、较低的目标缺失率和较短的识别潜伏期相关。尽管研究人员一致认为法庭上的自信表达没有提供任何信息，但我们的发现表明，在肯定的身份识别后立即获得的信心评估可以为调查人员提供有用的指南，帮助他们了解身份识别的可能准确性。
Discriminating accurate from mistaken eyewitness identifications is a major issue facing criminal justice systems. This study examined whether eyewitness confidence assists such decisions under a variety of conditions using a confidence-accuracy (CA) calibration approach. Participants (N = 1,200) viewed a simulated crime and attempted 2 separate identifications from 8-person target-present or target-absent lineups. Confidence and accuracy were calibrated for choosers (but not nonchoosers) for both targets under all conditions. Lower overconfidence was associated with higher diagnosticity, lower target-absent base rates, and shorter identification latencies. Although researchers agree that courtroom expressions of confidence are uninformative, our findings indicate that confidence assessments obtained immediately after a positive identification can provide a useful guide for investigators about the likely accuracy of an identification.