The Wretched Earth-猫眼课题宝

悲惨的地球

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2018

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作者：

Ros Gray;S. Sheikh

我们首先认识到地球是不幸的。这不是一个比喻。这确实是我们的土地。地球之所以悲惨，是因为它的土壤——我们赖以生存的地球表面的薄土层——在全球范围内受到污染、侵蚀、排水、燃烧、爆炸、洪水和贫困。我们的标题让人想起弗朗茨·法农（Frantz Fanon）的开创性著作《地球上的不幸者》（1961），该书呼吁地球上的不幸者（lesdamésdelaterre）奋起反抗一切形式的帝国主义，创造一个远离欧洲人文主义虚伪和暴力的新世界。正如詹妮弗·温泽尔和其他后殖民环境人文学者所指出的，尽管法农对自然世界有着深刻的人类中心主义和功利主义，但他的工作对于认识到土地是“最本质的价值”至关重要：“欧洲的富裕……是用奴隶的鲜血滋养的，它直接来自于欠发达世界的土壤和底土。”这一基本见解构成了一系列研究的一部分。反帝国主义批评包括十九世纪德国土壤科学家、“化肥工业之父”贾斯特斯·冯·李比希，他的著作极大地影响了马克思关于土壤和生态学的著作，并将英国农业和帝国主义视为掠夺其他国家土壤养分和资源的政策。本期特刊介绍了对当代艺术实践的新研究，在某些情况下是通过当代艺术实践产生的，这些实践探索和干预文化、政治和代表体系，以及通过人类与土壤的互动而产生的随之而来的欲望和暴力。我们的主张是，为了充分公正地对待第三篇文本，2018 年卷。 32，第 2-3 期，163-175，https://doi.org/10.1080/09528822.2018.1483881

We begin with the recognition that the Earth is wretched. This is not a metaphor. It is literally our ground. The Earth is wretched because its soil – that thin layer of earth at the surface of the planet upon which we depend for life – is contaminated, eroded, drained, burnt, exploded, flooded and impoverished on a worldwide scale. Our title evokes Frantz Fanon’s seminal book The Wretched of the Earth (1961), which called upon the wretched of the earth (les damnés de la terre) to rise up against imperialism in all its forms and create a new world that would depart from the hypocrisies and violence of European humanism. As Jennifer Wenzel and other scholars of postcolonial environmental humanities have pointed out, despite his profound anthropocentricism and utilitarianism with regard to the natural world, Fanon’s work is crucial for recognising that, as he states, the land is ‘the most essential value’: ‘European opulence... has been nourished with the blood of slaves and it comes directly from the soil and from the subsoil of that under-developed world.’ That fundamental insight forms part of a long line of antiimperialist critique that includes Justus von Liebig, the nineteenthcentury German soil scientist and ‘father of the fertilizer industry’, whose work greatly influenced Marx’s writing on soil and ecology and who identified British agriculture and imperialism as a policy of robbing the nutrients and resources of the soil of other countries. This special issue presents new research on, and in some cases generated through, contemporary art practices that both explore and intervene in the cultures, politics and systems of representation, as well as their attendant desires and violences, generated through human interaction with the soil. Our proposition is that, in order to do full justice to Third Text, 2018 Vol. 32, Nos. 2–3, 163–175, https://doi.org/10.1080/09528822.2018.1483881

The Wretched Earth

悲惨的地球

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