A study of maize endosperm hardness in relation to amylose content and susceptibility to damage
A study of maize endosperm hardness in relation to amylose content and susceptibility to damage
复制标题
DOI：
10.1094/cchem.1997.74.6.776
复制
发表时间：
1997-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Knutson, CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DombrinkKurtzman, MA;Knutson, CA
在代表硬胚乳和软胚乳的样品中测定玉米淀粉中直链淀粉和支链淀粉的相对量。两种胚乳直链淀粉含量差异虽小，但差异极显著（P < 0.001和P < 0.05），硬胚乳直链淀粉含量较高。用扫描电子显微镜观察了硬胚乳和软胚乳淀粉粒的表面形貌。软胚乳淀粉粒表面气孔随机分布，外观粗糙。硬胚乳颗粒上几乎没有气孔。在电子显微镜下长时间观察，软胚乳淀粉粒的一个相当普遍的现象是产生皱纹或裂缝。因此，胚乳硬度、直链淀粉含量和对裂纹和皱缩的敏感性之间存在相关性。玉米的软胚乳颗粒，可能比硬胚乳颗粒更不成熟，具有较低的直链淀粉含量（20.5 +/- 1.9%对23.0 +/- 1.0%），与硬胚乳颗粒相比，表现出更多的表面孔，并且更容易在电子束中发生扭曲。结果表明，淀粉粒的组成和内部结构不同，这取决于它所获得的胚乳的硬度。
The relative amounts of amylose and amylopectin in maize starch were determined in samples representing hard and soft endosperm. Although differences were small, amylose content differed significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05) between the two types of endosperm, with hard endosperm containing a higher percentage of amylose. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine that the surface appearance of starch granules from hard and soft endosperm differed. Starch granules from soft endosperm bad randomly distributed pores on their surfaces, which had a rough appearance. Few pores were observed on granules from hard endosperm. A fairly common occurrence with starch granules from soft endosperm was the development of wrinkles or fissures upon prolonged exposure to the beam of the electron microscope. Thus, a correlation existed between endosperm hardness, amylose content, and susceptibility to wrinkling and fissures. The granules of the soft endosperm of maize, presumably less mature than the granules of the hard endosperm, have a lower amylose content (20.5 +/- 1.9% vs. 23.0 +/- 1.0%), exhibit more surface pores, and are more susceptible to wrinkling in an electron beam, compared with granules of the hard endosperm. Results suggested that the composition and internal architecture of the starch granule differ depending an the hardness of the endosperm from which it was obtained.