Containment of arthropod disease vectors
Containment of arthropod disease vectors
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DOI：
10.1093/ilar.46.1.53
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Scott, TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scott, TW
有效控制传染病的节肢动物媒介是必要的，以防止病原体通过释放的、受感染的媒介传播，并防止媒介从建立的种群中逃脱，从而导致疾病的增加。虽然很少，但过去的版本说明了什么可能出错，并证明需要最大限度地减少风险的指导方针。概述了对昆虫饲养设施，做法和设备的建议，并总结了最近公布的四个越来越严格的节肢动物遏制水平（1991 -4）的特点。ACL-1适用于构成最低风险水平的研究，包括未受感染的节肢动物或感染了不会导致人类、家畜或野生动物疾病的微生物的媒介。ACL-2适用于代表中度风险的本地和外来节肢动物，包括感染或疑似感染生物安全水平（BSL）-2传染性病原体的媒介，以及以不会显著影响其生殖力、存活、宿主偏好或媒介能力的方式进行基因修饰的节肢动物。ACL-3被推荐用于已经或可能被BSL-3感染因子感染的节肢动物。ACL-3比ACL-2更强调病原体遏制和对昆虫的限制。ACL-4适用于被最危险的BSL-4传染性病原体感染的节肢动物，这些病原体可通过气溶胶或节肢动物叮咬引起危及生命的疾病。遵守这些准则将导致以实验室为基础的节肢动物媒介研究，最大限度地减少风险，并为应用和基础科学做出重要的新贡献。
Effective containment of arthropod vectors of infectious diseases is necessary to prevent transmission of pathogens by released, infected vectors and to prevent vectors that escape from establishing populations that subsequently contribute to increased disease. Although rare, past releases illustrate what can go wrong and justify the need for guidelines that minimize risks. An overview of recommendations for insectary facilities, practices, and equipment is provided, and features of four recently published and increasingly rigorous arthropod containment levels (ACLs 1-4) are summarized. ACL-1 is appropriate for research that constitutes the lowest risk level, including uninfected arthropods or vectors that are infected with micro-organisms that do not cause disease in humans, domestic animals, or wildlife. ACL-2 is appropriate for indigenous and exotic arthropods that represent a moderate risk, including vectors infected or suspected of being infected with biosafety level (BSL)-2 infectious agents and arthropods that have been genetically modified in ways that do not significantly affect their fecundity, survival, host preference, or vector competence. ACL-3 is recommended for arthropods that are or may be infected with BSL-3 infectious agents. ACL-3 places greater emphasis on pathogen containment and more restricted access to the insectary than ACL-2. ACL-4 is intended for arthropods that are infected with the most dangerous BSL-4 infectious agents, which can cause life-threatening illness by aerosol or arthropod bite. Adherence to these guidelines will result in laboratory-based arthropod vector research that minimizes risks and results in important new contributions to applied and basic science.