Stress Responses Co‐Opted for Specialized Cell Types During the Early Evolution of Multicellularity: The Role of Stress in the Evolution of Cell Types Can Be Traced Back to the Early Evolution of Multicellularity
Stress Responses Co‐Opted for Specialized Cell Types During the Early Evolution of Multicellularity: The Role of Stress in the Evolution of Cell Types Can Be Traced Back to the Early Evolution of Multicellularity
复制标题
在多细胞生物的早期进化过程中，应激反应选择了专门的细胞类型：应激在细胞类型进化中的作用可以追溯到多细胞生物的早期进化
DOI：
10.1002/bies.202000029
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Michod, Richard E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nedelcu, Aurora M.;Michod, Richard E.
在最近的一篇假说文章中，瓦格纳等人。[1]提出了一种机制模型，将新细胞类型的起源与祖先细胞对压力的反应联系起来。该模型是围绕他们的发现建立的，即参与人类妊娠关键细胞类型（蜕膜基质细胞）细胞分化的信号转导级联反应是由细胞应激反应演变而来的。作者指出，据他们所知，“细胞应激反应与新细胞类型或器官的进化之间的机械联系只在眼睛进化的背景下提出。在这篇评论中，我们认为，压力在新细胞类型进化中的作用可以追溯到多细胞生物体中两种最基本的细胞类型体细胞和生殖细胞的起源。我们的论文源于概念基础和机制证据，包括三个例子的压力反应增选专门的新细胞类型在早期的多细胞进化。从细菌到动物，多细胞生物已经进化了几十次，在进化的不同谱系中独立存在。然而，复杂的多细胞性，即具有一种或多种特殊细胞类型的多细胞性，只在少数几个群体中（绿色、红色、褐藻;真菌;植物;动物）。复杂的多细胞生物是如何进化的？从概念上讲，我们认为从简单到复杂的多细胞生物的转变是由生存和繁殖之间的生活史权衡驱动的。[2，3]具体来说，在增加身体尺寸的选择性压力下（例如，逃避捕食），大身体在生存方面的好处被繁殖它的成本（例如，繁殖时间）所抵消。在一些多细胞谱系中，这种权衡通过体细胞的进化而被解耦，体细胞确保生存，而生殖细胞则复制穆尔细胞。
In a recent Hypothesis article, Wagner et al.[1] proposed a mechanistic model that links the origin of new cell types to ancestral cellular responses to stress. The model is built around their finding that the signal transduction cascade involved in the cell differentiation of a cell type critical to pregnancy in humans (the decidual stromal cell) evolved from a cellular stress reaction. The authors state that to their knowledge,“a mechanistic link between the cellular stress response and the evolution of novel cell types or organs has only been proposed in the context of eye evolution.” In this Commentary, we argue that the role of stress in the evolution of new cell types can be traced back to the origin of the two most fundamental cell types in a multicellular organism—somatic cells and germ cells. Our thesis stems from both conceptual grounds and mechanistic evidence, including three examples of stress responses co-opted for specialized new cell types during the early evolution of multicellularity. Multicellularity has evolved dozens of times, independently in evolutionarily distinct lineages—from bacteria to animals. However, complex multicellularity—ie, multicellularity with one or more specialized cell types—is only known in a handful of groups (green, red, brown algae; fungi; plants; animals). Why and how complex multicellularity evolved? Conceptually, we have argued that the transition from simple to complex multicellularity was driven by life history trade-offs between survival and reproduction.[2, 3] Specifically, under the selective pressure to increase body size (eg, to evade predation), the benefit of a large body in terms of survival became offset by the cost of reproducing it (eg, time to reproduction). In some multicellular lineages, this trade-off was uncoupled through the evolution of somatic cells that ensured survival while germ cells reproduced the mul-