NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL RISK INDICATORS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA - A REVIEW OF FAMILY STUDIES
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL RISK INDICATORS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA - A REVIEW OF FAMILY STUDIES
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DOI：
10.1093/schbul/20.1.103
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
FARAONE, SV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KREMEN, WS;SEIDMAN, LJ;FARAONE, SV
我们回顾了精神分裂症潜在的神经心理风险指标，解决了两个关于精神分裂症患者亲缘神经心理表现的广泛问题：(1)是否有证据表明精神分裂症患者存在缺陷，如果有，(2)这些缺陷是否类似于精神分裂症患者本身的缺陷？大多数神经心理风险指标还没有得到充分的验证，但对精神分裂症患者亲属的研究已经出现了有希望的线索。亲属受损的最有力证据是持续的注意力、知觉-运动速度以及概念的形成和抽象；在较小程度上，精神控制/编码(主要是分心)也与此有关。在言语记忆和言语流畅性方面也发现了障碍，尽管对这些方面的研究还不是很好。缺陷的模式与在精神分裂症患者中发现的相似，因此表明前额叶、颞缘和注意系统功能障碍。精神分裂症患者的儿童和成年亲属也有类似的发现。建议未来的研究(1)强调综合测验，(2)开发综合神经心理测量，(3)使用侧写和偏离反应分析，(4)包括精神对照组，(5)将神经心理评估与脑成像技术相结合。
We reviewed potential neuropsychological risk indicators for schizophrenia by addressing two broad questions about neuropsychological performance in biological relatives of schizophrenia patients: (1) Is there evidence of deficits, and, if so, (2) are those deficits similar to deficits found in schizophrenia patients themselves? There has not yet been adequate validation of most neuropsychological risk indicators, but promising leads have emerged from studies of relatives of persons with schizophrenia. The strongest evidence of impairment in relatives was in sustained attention, perceptual-motor speed, and concept formation and abstraction; to a slightly lesser extent, mental control/encoding (primarily with distraction) was implicated as well. Impairments in verbal memory and verbal fluency were also found, although these have been less well studied. The pattern of deficits paralleled that found in schizophrenia patients, thus suggesting dysfunction in prefrontal, temporal-limbic, and attentional systems. Findings were similar for children and adult relatives of schizophrenia patients. It is suggested that future studies (1) emphasize comprehensive test batteries, (2) develop composite neuropsychological measures, (3) use profile and deviant-responder analyses, (4) include psychiatric comparison groups, and (5) integrate neuropsychological assessments with brain imaging techniques.