The digestive system: Challenges and opportunities
The digestive system: Challenges and opportunities
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DOI：
10.1093/japr/13.1.86
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Richards, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dibner, JJ;Richards, JD
本综述的目的是为通过更好地了解胃肠道(GI)系统来提高家禽生产中的营养效率的讨论奠定基础。许多正在进行的关于养分捕获效率的研究都是为了更好地了解非药物抗生素生长促进剂的好处，因为在全球范围内，在动物饲料中使用非治疗性抗生素的批准正在迅速消失。目前正在寻找可接受的这些药物的替代品。由于抗生素的大部分作用是由于它们的抗菌活性，因此研究的目的是了解抗菌效果，并为该行业寻找新的非药理抗菌药物。然而，当然还有其他机会通过修改GI的开发、维护和健康来创新地提高效率。胃肠道系统包括肠道本身、肝脏、胰腺、肠道相关淋巴组织和常驻微生物区系。所有这些组织和器官都提供了改进的机会。这篇综述将从描述GI系统的组成部分开始，包括解剖学、个体发育、细胞生物学和系统维护。将简要讨论通过改变GI个体发育、结构和功能来提高效率的机会。其他发言者将讨论的主题包括线粒体在营养分配中的作用，从肠道维持到肌肉生长，使用外源抗体来减少营养物质转移到免疫，以及通过调节动物自身排除病原体和毒素进入体内的能力来减少肠道和肝脏排毒的需要。
The purpose of this review is to set the context for a discussion of the improvement of nutrient efficiency in poultry production through greater understanding of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Much of the ongoing research in efficiency of nutrient capture is directed toward better understanding of the benefits of nonpharmaceutical antibiotic growth promoters because approvals for the use of nontherapeutic antibiotics in animal feed are fast disappearing worldwide. Acceptable replacements for these drugs are being sought. Because much of the effect of antibiotics is due to their antimicrobial activity, research has been directed at understanding the antimicrobial effect and identifying new nonpharmacological antimicrobials for the industry. However, there are certainly other opportunities for innovative improvements in efficiency through modification of GI development, maintenance, and health. The GI system includes the gut itself, liver, pancreas, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and resident microflora. All of these tissues and organs offer opportunities for improvement. This review will begin with a description of the components of the GI system, including anatomy, ontogeny, cell biology, and system maintenance. Opportunities to improve efficiency though alterations of GI ontogeny, structure, and function will be discussed briefly. Topics to be covered by other speakers are the role of mitochondria in the partitioning of nutrients from gut maintenance to muscle growth, use of exogenous delivery of antibodies to reduce diversion of nutrients to immunity, and reducing the need for intestinal and hepatic detoxification through the modulation of the animal's own capacity to exclude pathogens and toxins from entering the body.