Uses and benefits of digital sequence information from plant genetic resources: Lessons learnt from botanical collections
Uses and benefits of digital sequence information from plant genetic resources: Lessons learnt from botanical collections
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DOI：
10.1002/ppp3.10216
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发表时间：
2021-09-21
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Kersey, Paul J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cowell, Carly;Paton, Alan;Kersey, Paul J.
数字化分子数据对于科学研究和遗传资源利用的许多方面都至关重要。《生物多样性公约》目前将其称为“数字序列信息”（DSI），这一术语尚未被科学界广泛采用，也缺乏明确的定义。人们对遗传资源的获取和提供国没有分享利益感到关切。开放获取DSI可能会加剧这种情况，导致政策干预增加，限制获取遗传资源和DSI。我们分析了当前的国际辩论和提出的解决方案，并提供了DSI使用的案例研究，为提供国和科学研究产生实实在在的好处，展示了开放获取DSI实现保护目标的重要性。过去几十年来，DNA测序取得了重大进展，在加强粮食安全和可持续利用全球生物多样性方面具有巨大潜力，使世界上最贫穷的人受益。数字序列信息（DSI）在催化研究应用方面发挥着至关重要的作用，这些研究应用可以为国际社会和生物多样性保护目标做出贡献。然而，由于缺乏明确的国际治理和立法，与残疾人信息有关的惠益分享难以确定并受到阻碍，这反过来又导致不愿意公开和免费提供残疾人信息。重要的是，《生物多样性公约》、《名古屋议定书》或《粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际条约》都没有精确的定义。DSI与生物资源之间的关键区别在于，信息是非物质的，而生物资源的获取和使用在这些框架下受到严格管制。信息可以在不移动或不接触实物标本的情况下复制和使用。因此，规范DSI的使用极具挑战性，仍然存在争议。在这里，我们回顾了DSI的监管和国际社会未来可能采取的步骤，在CBD，NP和ITPGRFA的利益分享义务的背景下。我们强调多边协定如何在实践中发挥作用，是解决这一僵局的办法。我们提供的案例研究，展示了如何皇家植物园，基尤，及其合作者解决周围的使用DSI的不确定性，说明了有形和公平的好处，从这种使用。我们的结论是，开放获取DSI需要科学研究和国际政策。
Societal Impact Statement Digitized molecular data are vital to numerous aspects of scientific research and genetic resource use. The Convention on Biological Diversity currently refers to this as "Digital Sequence Information" (DSI), a term not widely adopted by science and lacking a clear definition. There are concerns over the access to genetic resources and absence of benefit sharing by provider countries. Open access to DSI might exacerbate this, which is leading to increasing policy interventions and restricted access to genetic resources and DSI. We analyze current international debate and proposed solutions and provide case studies of DSI use producing tangible benefits for the provider countries and scientific research, demonstrating the importance of open access DSI to achieving conservation goals. Substantial advances in DNA sequencing over the last decades hold great potential to enhance food security and sustainable use of global biodiversity, benefiting the world's poorest people. Digital Sequence Information (DSI) plays a crucial role in catalyzing research applications that can contribute to international societal and biodiversity conservation targets. However, benefit sharing relating to DSI is difficult to identify and hindered by the lack of clear international governance and legislation, which in turn has led to a reluctance to make DSI publicly and freely available. Critically, no precise definition exists under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Nagoya Protocol (NP), or the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). The key difference between DSI and biological resources, for which access and use are highly regulated under those frameworks, is that information is nonphysical. Information can be replicated and used without movement of, or access to, physical specimens. Thus, regulating the use of DSI is extremely challenging and remains controversial. Here, we review the regulation of DSI and the possible future steps by the international community, in the context of the benefit-sharing obligations of the CBD, NP, and ITPGRFA. We highlight how multilateral agreements work in practice and are a solution to this impasse. We provide case studies demonstrating how the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and its collaborators address the uncertainty surrounding the use of DSI, illustrating tangible and equitable benefits that have arisen from such use. We conclude that open access to DSI is needed for scientific research and international policy.